Global Application Or Local Application Information Technology Essay

Management information system is make to handle the information create by the organization of a specific of business. There system key in the information and allow the business for work, handle and accumulate the information via the software application. Information and inquiry get from the information system and can support in the pointing, organization and decision making of administrators. MIS is a classification that offers data need to handle organizations efficiently.

The first question is discussed about selecting the computer hardware and software for the organization. It means as the hardware and software of tools to manage the organization in the selecting of hardware and software. And what kind of management, organization and technology are issues faced when select the computer hardware and software. The issues that are face is management issues, staff issues, organization issues and so on.

Furthermore in question two is discussing about if i were a manager in a company that operates in many countries, the criteria would i use to determine whether a new system should be developed as a global application .A global business plan determines how a business will develop and manage its operations around the world. Regularly it’s used by accessible companies as a plan for increasing rather than by new businesses

Why is selecting computer hardware and software for the organization an important for management decision? What management, organization and technology issues should be considered when selecting computer hardware?

Our choice of hardware and software will have a huge influence on the efficiency of our employees and our organization’s bottom line. We need the right tools to get the job completed. Computers consist of two main elements, namely hardware and software. Hardware is basically the physical parts of the infrastructure used in running the program. They include parts like workstations and servers, tablet PC, laptops, monitors, scanners, printers, networking components like Routers and Bridges, etc. Software is the interface that we use to perform certain actions on our computer. We may ask few questions such as below to give us some idea on how to choose the hardware and software:

Can this hardware and software do the job that we need it to do?

How the hardware and software will suits in with other products that our organization uses?

Are this hardware and software going to leave us in a proprietary niche or without support?

What ups and downs can we forecast for our organization? Do we need to plan for different needs or working practices?

What’s our budget? Can we pay for the hardware / software, the license, the training, and the upgrades?

It is important to consider whether the hardware and software is from recognized and well established source. Software and hardware are often expensive and should come with good after-sales service and a good guarantee. For Example, wholesale computers come with bundled software packages that are not compatible with your network software, and by the time we purchase the required software we have over paid and have voided the 1 year manufacturer’s warranty. So we have to make sure to ask about these before choosing the products that we are going to use.

Another important concern to take into account when choosing hardware and software is whether it will do the job that we require it to do and who will be using this hardware and software. There’s no point in buying hardware or software that does nothing. Each computer should complement the user and the software that is being used. For example, a business server is a different type of computer than a PC. It is used by every person, computer, printer, and any peripheral within your business. A PC does not have the components to withstand the workload of a server, and will ultimately fail resulting in company downtime that affects your bottom line. We also have to check the system requirements of hardware or software to ensure they work well. For example, some peripherals only work in Windows or Mac OS. Other might require certain software to fully function.

It is essential to buy legal hardware and software and to register the products that we purchase. By registering our software, we are often able to receive additional upgrades, service and support at no additional fees. Add-ons, plug-ins, useful tools and information from the software company can benefit our organization’s use of purchased software. For example, if we are using Windows then we will need to register our Windows software in order to be able to download important service packs and updates. Pirated software is hacked to take out the copy protection. This affects the performance of the software. This affects the performance of the software and can cause freezing/crashing on our PC and conflicts with other legitimate software programs. Pirated software results in our paid employees being unable to do their job, which affects their performance and our business’ bottom line.

Security management is a vital aspect of risk control. We have to consider about the validation routines, access control and authorization. Usually basic hardware and software includes a security package including fire walls, anti-virus, anti-spam and anti-spyware for the network and computer systems themselves.

The most prohibitive factor in selecting hardware or software is the cost. We have to make sure our organization can afford the hardware or software. If the product is very expensive, then we should consider alternatives that provide similar functionalities. Computer software contains of sets of instructions written in computer language to address particular tasks. In all sectors, software is used to address specific needs. For example, a Banking application handles banking operations and functions, while Human Resources software treats payroll, personnel and other employee issues.

Furthermore in selecting computer hardware and software for the organization is have business strategy, organizational strategy and IS strategy. As known for the business strategy drives both organizational and information strategy and all decisions are driven by the firm’s business objectives. Business Strategy drives all other strategies. An organizational and Information Strategy are dependent upon the Business Strategy. IS strategy is affected by the other strategies as a firm uses and IS strategy always involves consequences.

In addition for the organizational strategy includes the organizations design as well as the choices it makes in its work processes. How will the company organize in order to achieve its goals and implement its business strategy. Business Diamond is a simple framework for identifying crucial components of an organization’s plan and Managerial Levers another framework for organizational design, states that successful execution of the firm’s organizational strategy is the best combination of organizational, control, and cultural variables.

For next is IS strategy and it plan an organization uses in providing information services. IS allows business to implement its business strategy. IS also helps to determine the company’s capabilities. Four key of IS infrastructure components are key to IS strategy. These key components are sufficient to allow the general manager to assess critical IS issues.

What

Who

Where

Hardware

List of physical components of the system

Individuals who use it

Individuals who manage it

Physical location

Software

List of programs, applications and utilities

Individuals who use it

Individuals who manage it

What hardware it resides upon and where that hardware is located

Networking

Diagram of how hardware and software components are connected

Individuals who us it/individuals who manage it/company service obtained from

Where the nodes

are located ,where the wires and other transport media are located

Data

Bits of information stored in the system

Individuals who use it

Individuals who manage it

Where the information resides

Information systems strategy matrix

What management, organization and technology issues should be considered when selecting computer hardware

Price – the great equalizer, most important because it establishes the basic ground rule

Performance – what do you need the hardware to perform, this is where decisions are refined to meet specific needs within a specific budget.

Reliability- IMHO most modern equipment is very reliable in hardware terms (software installations can be troublesome, but that’s a different issue).

Hardware and software costs a lot of money. IT is now critical to an organization’s success so it’s important that the software meets the needs of the organization. Hardware needs to be sufficiently powerful to meet the demands that will be placed on it by the users. Management issues help our identify, communicate, monitor and resolve project issues. The project issue management process will help us to put in place the steps needed to quantify and report all issues within the project.

Although it discuss about organization issues is about management, it’s not so much concerned with how to train and grade the staff as with how to build a usable system. However, it need to understand the auditors and checkout staff, or you won’t be able to do even a halfway passable job. Many systems fail because their designers make unrealistic assumptions about the ability, motivation, and discipline of the people who will operate it. This isn’t just a matter of one-off analysis. For example, an initially low rate of fraud can cause people to get complacent and careless, until suddenly things explode. Also, an externally induced change in the organization such as a merger or acquisition can undermine control.

If you were a manager in a company that operates in many countries, what criteria would you use to determine whether a new system should be developed as a global application or local application?

If I were a manager in a company that operates in many countries, the criteria would I use to determine a new system is global application. A global business plan determines how a business will develop and manage its operations around the world. Regularly it’s used by accessible companies as a plan for increasing rather than by new businesses. This business plan prepares a business to change its operations internally. It’s also used externally for solved an investment capital that will be used for development.

The criteria will I use to determine the new system is global application known as Feasibility studies purpose to goal and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success.

In its simple term, the two criteria to consider feasibility is cost require and value to be attained. Such as a well-designed feasibility study have to provide a historical background of the business or project depiction of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax dependent. Furthermore feasibility studies preliminary technical development and project consummation.

Four common criteria:

Technology and system feasibility

The review is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. It can be quantifier in terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, in order to interpret whether the new system will perform sufficiently or not. Technological feasibility is carried away to specify whether the company has the capability, of term in software, hardware, personnel and proficiency, to handle the completion of the project when writing a feasibility report, the following should be taken to consideration:

• A brief description of the business

• The part of the business being looked towards

• The human and economic factors

• The possible solutions to the problem

Economic feasibility

An economic criticism is the most oftentimes used method for evaluate the effective of a new system. More general known as cost/benefit analysis, the instruction is to define the benefits and savings that are expect from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If advantages outweigh costs, then the conclusion is made to design and implement the system. An entrepreneur must precise weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.

Cost-based study: It is significant to identified cost and benefit factors, which can be categorize in a Development costs, and Operating costs. It is a criticism of the costs to be occasion in the system and the utility can be derivable out of the system.

Time-based study: This is a significant of the time require achieving a return on investments. In a day value of a project also will become a factor.

Operational feasibility

Operational feasibility is a proceeding of how well a suggest system solves the problems, and takes benefits of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.

Scedule feasibility

The project will abort if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Exclusively this means commentary how long the system will take to development, and if it can be completed in a given time phase using some system like payback term. Schedule feasibility is a action of how reasonable the project timetable is.

Other feasibility factors

Resource feasibility

Resource feasibility involving questions such as how much time is available to build the new system, when it can be built, whether it interferes with normal business operations, type and amount of resources required, dependencies,

Cultural feasibility

In this stage, the project’s alternatives are evaluated for their impact on the local and general culture. For example, environmental factors need to be considered and these factors are to be well known. Further an enterprise’s own culture can clash with the results of the project.

Financial feasibility

In matter of a new project, financial viability can be judged on the following parameters:

• Total estimated cost of the project

• Financing of the project in terms of its capital structure, debt equity ratio and promoter’s share of total cost

• Existing investment by the promoter in any other business

• Projected cash flow and profitability

Conclusion

As a conclusion, first question on the assignment can be consider as easy to do and give us a lot of understanding because by finding about the selecting computer hardware and software for the organization an important for management decision and what are the issues will be when selecting computer hardware.

The first question and second question provides many acknowledgements to the students because by doing the question, student is learning about the hardware and software of tools to manage the organization in the selecting of hardware and software. When choosing hardware and software is whether it will do the job that we require it to do and who will be using this hardware and software. There’s no point in buying hardware or software that does nothing

By doing the assignment, students can realize management information system played an important role in technology world. For those that always support and help us in this assignment, we want to say thank you very much.

Bibliography

Website address:

http://www.formsthatwork.com/files/Articles/5F.pdf

http://www.jidaw.com/article3.html

(http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070220193855AAZuhUY)

Reference of books

Business Analysis (2nd Edition), Paul, Debra Yeates, Donald Cadle, James, Publisher: British Informatics Society Limited , Date Published: 2010

Integrated Project Management, Barkley, Bruce T, Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing , Date Published: 04/2006