Education in India: An Analysis
✅ Paper Type: Free Essay | ✅ Subject: Education |
✅ Wordcount: 882 words | ✅ Published: 12 Jul 2025 |
Education is one of the most powerful instruments for reducing poverty and inequality. Education is equally key to enhance India’s Historical Background.
The education system of India is very old. It has started from the ancient times. The Vedas, puranas, ayurveda, yoga represent some forms of education. There are evidences of imparting formal education in ancient India under the Gurukul system. Under the Gurukul system, young boys who were passing through the Brahmacharya stage of life had to stay at the teacher’s home and complete their education.
Earlier women and people of lower castes didn’t have a right to educate themselves. But Jainism, Buddhism and Sufi movements had some liberating effects. The Britishers can be credited for bringing a revolution in the Indian education system because it is the English language and the reformation movements of the 19th century that had the most liberating effect in pre-independent India.
Indian Education’s Present Condition
After independence, making education available to all had become a priority for the government. As discrimination on the basis of caste and gender has been a major impediment in the healthy development of the Indian society, they have been made unlawful by the Indian constitution.
The 86th constitutional amendment has also made elementary education a fundamental right for the children between the age group- 6 to 14.
According to the 2001 census,
- Total literacy rate – 65.38%.
- The female literacy rate – 54.16%.
- Only 59.4% of rural population is literate as against 80.3% urban population according to the 2001 census.
In order to develop the higher education system, the government had established the University Grants Commission in 1953. The primary role of UGC has been to regulate the standard and spread of higher education in India.
The higher education system in India comprises of more than 17,000 colleges, as well as:
- 20 central universities;
- 217 State Universities;
- 106 Deemed to Universities and;
- 13 institutes of National importance. This number will soon inflate thanks to the proposal of:
- 30 more central universities;
- 8 new IITs;
- 7 IIMs and;
- 5 new Indian Institutes of Science.
Education System in India at Present
The present education system in India mainly comprises of primary education, secondary education, senior secondary education and higher education. Elementary education consists of eight years of education. Each of secondary and senior secondary education consists of two years of education.
Higher education in India starts after passing the higher secondary education or the 12th standard. Depending on the stream, doing graduation in India can take three to five years. Post graduate courses are generally of two to three years of duration. After completing post graduation, scope for doing research in various educational institutes also remains open.
Table Breakdown: Factors in Modern Indian Education
SECTOR | FACTORS |
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Political |
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Economic |
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Social |
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Technological |
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Legislative |
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Environmental |
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