Biology Essays

The Central Nervous System: Structure and Functions

Example essay. Published: 8th Jun 2018

Hayley Sterling The structure of: The Central Nervous System The brain and spinal cord make up the Central Nervous System (CNS). The term ‘central’ is used because it assimilates info ...

The Characteristics of Retroviruses

Example essay. Published: 11th Jun 2018

Retroviruses have various characteristics that make them unique as gene delivery vehicles. Their life cycle includes an integrated state in the DNA of the host chromosome. Retroviruses are the only an ...

The Chemiluminescence of Luminol | Lab Report

Example essay. Published: 31st May 2018

Introduction Chemiluminiscence is the process whereby light is produced via a chemical reaction with the evolution of little or no heat. Chemiluminescence, unlike phosphorescence and fluorescence, doe ...

The Clostridium Difficile Infections Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The organism known as Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacillus bacteria which has the ability to form spores, as well as produce a number of toxins. The toxins produced by these bacteria are ...

The Composition Of Complex Ions In Solutions

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2017

In this experiment, we are required to determine the composition of complex ion by continuous variation method. Complex ions refer to a metal cation bonded to either one or more than one molecules. It ...

The Concentration Of Reducing Sugars Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Benedict’s reagent is used to determine if a reducing sugar is present. Benedict’s reagent is used as a test for the presence of all monossacharides and generally also reducing sugars. The ...

The Concept Of A Bionic Eye Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Bionic eye is used to provide vision to blind people by implanting VLSI chips on their eye.The word Bionics (also known as biomimetics, biognosis, biomimicry, or bionical creativity engineering) is th ...

The Concept Of Captive Breeding Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

At a time when species extinction has become a serious global issue, conservation tools, such as captive breeding, play an essential role. The use of captive breeding for species conservation and reco ...

The Digestion Of A Chicken Sandwich Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Throughout this essay the digestion of a chicken sandwich will be explained with reference to five different points; the need for digestion, physical digestion with regards to muscular and nervous inv ...

The Digital Dice Game Project: An Overview

Example essay. Published: 11th Jun 2018

A traditional dice is a small polyhedral object, usually cubic in shape. It generates a random number in the range of one to six. There are also non – cubical dice with different number of faces ...

The Discovery of Acetaminophen

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2018

Acetaminophen was discovered accidentally, it is used for reducing pain and fever. It does not restrain platelet aggregation (Ayoub et al, 2004; Josephy, 2005). However, the mechanism of action of ace ...

The Distance Slaters Travel In Different Temperatures Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction: The Slater Porcellio Scaber is an Arthropod and is a member of the biological class Crustacea. The Slater has a flattened segmented body and 7 pairs of legs. The Slater is nocturnal and ...

The effect of caffeine on heart rate

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

In this experiment, I am going to determine the effect of different concentration of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. Daphnia is assumed as the substitute of human being in this experiment to in ...

The Effect of Enzyme Concentration on Reaction Rate

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Determination of the effect of enzyme concentration on catalysis using starch an amylase. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are said to be catalytic proteins which increases the rate of a chemical reaction without ...

The effect of fast food consumption: Cardiovascular System

Example essay. Published: 4th May 2017

Research question: How and why does fast food consumption cause heart disease and negative for consumers? Abstract: I am researching the question how and why does the fast food consumption cause heart ...

The Effect of pH on Catalase Activity

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

How does the pH environment (pH 4,6,8,10 and no buffer as a control) of the enzyme catalase (taken from the liver of Ovis aries) affect the rate at which Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is broken down (measured in seconds, with ± 1s error)? ...

The Effect Of Processing Condition

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2017

The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of processing condition such as the effect of lecithin on the quality physicochemical properties and organoleptic attributes of burger. The pH for ...

The Effect Of Temperature On Permeable Membranes Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The aim of this experiment was to determine what effect an increase in the surrounding temperature has on the selectively permeable membranes of plant cells, e.g., red cabbage (Lane, 2010a). The cell ...

The Effectiveness of L-Ascorbic acid and Retinol in the treatment of skin

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

Abstract This report shows a trail of Retinol and L-Ascorbic Acid on the skin of 63 participants. It gives a comprehensive description of how the two chemical would to participants. The ...

The Effects of Concentration of Solute on Rates of Diffusion

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

Diffusion is particles moving from a level of high concentration to a level of low concentration. Diffusion occurs through the membrane but as the cell size increases the surface area to vo ...

The Effects Of Garlic On Lettuce Seed Germination

Example essay. Published: 8th May 2017

This research project is dedicated to determining the effect of garlic volatile on germination of lettuce seeds. Based on the background information referenced below as well as general knowledge of ba ...

The Effects Of Preservatives And Chemicals In Food Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

There are preservatives and other chemical additives in most grocery store food products, whether during processing, packaging or storing.   Some additives are natural, like salt or sugar, but some ...

The Electron Transport Chain

Example essay. Published: 24th Apr 2017

In the electron transport chain, electrons flow downward in energy from coenzyme NADH and flavoprotein FADH2 to the terminal electron acceptor, molecular oxygen, O2. Electrons move spontaneously from ...

The Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Example essay. Published: 12th Jun 2018

Infectious diseases have always existed and have had a major impact on human development. It is widely believed that our immune systems and genetic makeup have evolved over many years under the select ...

The Establishment of Cell Biology

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

Dr Günter Blobel was awarded a Nobel prize in 1999 in the field of medicine and physiology for discovering that proteins encode intrinsic signals that allow for their transportation and localiza ...

The Evidence For The Endosymbiotic Theory

Example essay. Published: 25th Apr 2017

Abstract Modern eukaryotic cells were originally believed to have arisen directly from a single prokaryotic ancestor through serial mutation and the process of genetic drift. However, much evidence ha ...

The Evolution of Birds: An Overview of Characteristics

Example essay. Published: 23rd May 2018

Birds are best known for their ability to fly and are unrivaled in their environment such as the skies. They are a very diverse group of animals with amazing characteristics. ”Albatrosses glide ...

The Evolution Of Human Nutrition Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

During a lifetime, a human being will eat thousands of pounds of food. The body will use this food to grow, to repair damaged tissue, and to maintain organs such as the brain and heart. Some of these ...

The Extraction And Purification Of Paracetamol Essay

Example essay. Published: 10th Jun 2016

Analysing the Quantity and Purity of Paracetamol Present in Different Formulations of the Commercial Medicine Aim The aim of this investigation was to determine the percentage by mass of pure paraceta ...

The Fluid Mosaic Model Of Membrane Structure

Example essay. Published: 17th May 2017

The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is a cell membrane that behaves like a two- dimensional liquid of mixed composition. The cell membrane is described to be fluid because of its hydrophobic ...

The Formation Of Biotite Mica Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Biotite Mica; is a common metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary mineral, the mineral is stable at a variety of grades of metamorphism but can be inverted into chlorite, and can be formed from the alter ...

The Fragile X Syndrome

Example essay. Published: 8th May 2017

The fragile X syndrome is one of the most prevalent mental retardation problems that are inherited to generations. The clinical features of people with this syndrome are very subtle and hard to diagno ...

The Function Of The Scanning Electron Microscope Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is one of the most powerful microscopes in the field of Science. Microscopes are used to help us examine objects that are too small to be seen in a normal human ...

The Functions of Beta Carotene

Example essay. Published: 11th Jun 2018

Unlike supplements, foods rich in beta-carotene pose no lung cancer risk. Synthetic beta-carotene supplements have been found to increase the risk of both colorectal and lung cancer in smokers, especi ...

The Fungus Rhizopus Stolonifer

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2017

The fungus Rhizopus stolonifer is a widely distributed thread like mold which is commonly found upon bread surfaces and other food. This is why it has the common name of black bread mold. Due to the f ...

The Future Of Personalised Medicine

Example essay. Published: 16th May 2017

In the past five decades, the progression of medicine has been rapid and progressive. Medical research has set down into exploration and finding cures for many diseases through surgical techniques, dr ...

The Green Revolution: History, Impact and Future

Example essay. Published: 12th Jun 2018

Plants are an essential part of lives on the planet and a crucial source of economic prosperity for almost every country. They provide directly or indirectly almost all the food of man and animals. Th ...

The Hallmarks Of Cancer Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

D. Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg supposed that the genotype of cancer cells is the manifestation of eight fundamental changes in cellular physiology (The hallmarks of cancer[1], The hallmarks of canc ...

The History Of Molecular Modeling Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Molecular modeling is a collection of science and art that study molecular structure and function by using computational technique to generate a realistic model of molecule based on molecular properti ...

The History of Transgenic Animals

Example essay. Published: 14th May 2018

Long before farmers were used selective breeding to enhance economically important trait like growth, milk production, egg production, and etc…consequently, this situation sets the foundation of genetics study that support the study of regulation and function of mammalian genes. The study was either through the observation of inherited characteristics from the parent or the unexpected occurrence of transformation (mutations). ...

The human digestive system

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The human digestive system is responsible for the intake, breakdown, absorption and finally removal of nutrients and energy needed for the functioning of the human body. It performs these duties by al ...

The Human Eye: Structure and Function

Example essay. Published: 1st Jun 2018

James Stenson Neurons are small in size, microscopic. They consist normally with a cell body, dendrites and an axon. However they are all differentiated in structure as they are related to their fu ...

The Human Genome Project: Biotechnology and Society

Example essay. Published: 29th Oct 2021

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was the world’s collaborative effort to map and explore all 20,000-25,000 genes in human beings, otherwise known as the human genome. ...

The Human Microbiome Project

Example essay. Published: 4th Jun 2018

Microorganisms are important for animal and plant life, their presence in the surroundings is essential for survival of all life forms. This importance can be proved by the large number of prokaryotes in human body, mainly bacteria, it was found that there are ten time more bacteria than human cells. ...

The Human Spleen: Functions and Importance

Example essay. Published: 23rd Sep 2019

The Human Spleen Description    The spleen is an organ system located in the upper far left part of the abdomen, to the left of the stomach. I chose to disc ...

The Hutchinsonian and Eltonian Shortfalls

Example essay. Published: 14th May 2018

A number of recognized knowledge shortfalls currently exist in biology. The first that appears to have been identified is taxonomical, and is known as the Linnean shortfall (Raven and Wilson, 1992). ...

The Hydrolysis Of Nitrophenyl Phosphate

Example essay. Published: 2nd May 2017

The hydrolysis of nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) by alkaline phosphatase enzyme is a first order reaction dependent on the concentration of NPP in solution. A product of this reaction is nitrophenyl anio ...

The Identification Of Bacillus Subtilis The Mystery Bacterium Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Mixed communities of microorganisms consisting of procaryotes such as bacteria, as well as eucaryotes such as fungi, protozoa, algae, and nematodes are found in all sorts of natural environments (Robe ...

The Impact of Biological Weapons

Example essay. Published: 25th May 2018

Abstract The usage of Biological weapons is a thorny issue, especially during the twentieth and twenty-atheist. And it has caused much controversy in political and of human rights purview. A biologica ...

The Impact Of Oil Spills Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

An oil spill can be defined as the accidental release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the surroundings or the environment due to human activity. An oil spill is a form of pollution that has devas ...

The Importance And Production Of Rice

Example essay. Published: 12th May 2017

Though rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for half of the world’s population, farmers need to produce more food in less area because agricultural land use is reducing day by day (Reyes &#03 ...

The Importance Of Antibiotics

Example essay. Published: 3rd May 2017

Antibiotics have been called as the single most important therapeutic discovery in the history of medicine. An interesting feature of their historic discovery is that they occur within the lifetime of many populations living today. ...

The Importance Of ATP And Enzymes

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

The Importance of ATP and Enzymes Our cells are perpetually using ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It is lucky for us that ATP is a renewable resource. With the inclusion of a phosphate gro ...

The Importance Of Bioequivalence

Example essay. Published: 27th Apr 2017

Bioequivalence is defined as ” the absence of a significant difference in the rate & extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety in pharmaceutical equivalent or pharmaceutical al ...

The Importance Of Blood Glucose Monitoring Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when insulin is not effectively used. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar level. T ...

The Importance Of Photosynthesis

Example essay. Published: 24th Apr 2017

To understand the importance of photosynthesis, research is conducted to help determine which wavelength of light and light intensity the chloroplast would generate the fastest photosynthetic reaction ...

the importance of water in plant growth

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Water is a vital component to the survival of every plant in the world as it is aids in the way that they obtain their food (through the process of photosynthesis), grow (cell division, mitosis), resp ...

The issues of captive breed reintroduction

Example essay. Published: 12th May 2017

The process of moving individual animals from one site to another, such as from the wild to a zoo for the study of conservation is an increasing tool to re-establish threatened populations (Roe et al, ...

The key steps of the implantation

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

IMPLANTATION The life journey of a conceptus consists of many stages right from the point of conception to the point of birth which is one of nature’s wonders. However, an essential stage in thi ...

The Kinetics of a Reaction | Experiment

Example essay. Published: 24th May 2018

This experiment is designed to study the kinetics of a chemical reaction. The reaction is called a “clock” reaction because of the means of observing the reaction rate. The reaction involv ...

The Life Cycle Of Physarum Polycephalum

Example essay. Published: 2nd May 2017

In this practical, the life cycle of Physarum polycephalum is being studied. Slime Moulds refers to a wide range of several groups of different and controversial classifications. They have certain cha ...

The Lowry Method for Protein Quantitation

Example essay. Published: 14th May 2018

Has been the most widely used method to estimate the total level of protein already in solution or easily soluble in dilute alkali in biological samples, the Lowry Assay (Lowry et al., 1951) exhibited ...

the methods of measuring productivity

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

1. Definition: Productivity refers to rate at which energy is accumulated by green plant in unit time in the form of organic substance that can be used as food. 2. Types of Productivity: Productivity ...

The Microstructure of a Cell

Example essay. Published: 25th Jan 2018

The microstructure of a cell is made up of a complex system of organelles. Each organelle has an important function with regards to the production and transport of information into the cystic fibrosi ...

The Mitochondria: Structure, Functions and Reactions

Example essay. Published: 7th Jun 2018

Mitochondria are rod-shaped structures that are enclosed within two membranes – the outer membrane and the inner membrane. The membranes are made up of phospholipids and proteins. The space in b ...

The Negative Effect Of Clubbing On The Body

Example essay. Published: 25th Apr 2017

The levels of clubbing and video gaming have increased in the twenty first century; however the people that go out don’t know realise that they are falling victim to the unhidden dangers of club ...

The Nitration Of Methyl Benzoate Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Methyl Benzoate is electron rich and thus undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nitration of methyl benzoate will form a major product, methyl m-nitrobenzoate that was further purified by re- ...

The Occurrence and Function of Play Behaviour in Mammals

Example essay. Published: 21st May 2018

Summary Play in mammals is a widely reported behaviour. It tends to occur in younger mammals and diminishes as they reach adulthood. Play in young mammals often mimics adult behaviour that is essenti ...

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

It is imperative, as a sports therapist, to understand the process of soft tissue repair to develop a safe and effective management plan for clients’ injury problems. Understanding this, allows ...

The Polymerase Chain Reaction Pcr

Example essay. Published: 28th Apr 2017

The polymerase chain reaction was first developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis. This reaction is commonly used in molecular biology to amplify and generate thousands to millions of copies of specific DNA se ...

The Process Of Brewing Beer

Example essay. Published: 27th Apr 2017

Beer is the worlds ancient and most generally consumed alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. ‘The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning & ...

The Process of Cell Culture

Example essay. Published: 24th May 2018

Cell culture known to be complex process by removal of tissue or cells from plants, animals, microbes (such as bacteria and viruses), and fungi process them by growing them in specific conditions and ...

The process of meiosis in cells

Example essay. Published: 12th May 2017

Introduction: In this experiment we observed the process of meiosis by looking at different slides. Meiosis is a process in which a diploid (2n) parent cell is divided into four haploid (n) daughter ...

The Production and Storage of Khoa

Example essay. Published: 11th Jun 2018

Khoa is a traditional dairy product which is produced in India by both organized and unorganized sector. It is the base for various traditional sweets manufactured in India. Apart from the traditional ...

The Purity Of An Aspirin Sample

Example essay. Published: 4th May 2017

The aim of my investigation is to find the most accurate method of measuring the purity of the aspirin through the use of quantitative analysis methods, including(1): – Acid-base titration &#821 ...

The Purity Of Prepared Of Aspirin Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

To synthesize the drug aspirin, the purity of prepared of aspirin is determined by a chemical test. In addition, the percentages of aspirin made are determined (CHM 1024 Organic Chemistry, practical m ...

The purpose of the muscular system

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Human Biology The human body is covered by muscles, made up of more than 650 of them. The purpose of the muscular system is for the body to move, maintain posture, and produce heat. There are three di ...

The Rates Of Chemical Reaction

Example essay. Published: 5th May 2017

The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how fast the reaction takes place. So, a rapid reaction is completed in a short time. Some reactions may be very slow, e.g. the rusting of steel. A chem ...

The Reactions Of Carbohydrates

Example essay. Published: 12th May 2017

Carbohydrates, or sachharides are sugars and starches that provide energy for us humans and animals. In this experiment, carbohydrates are tested with different reagents, and two unknown samples are e ...

The Resolution Of Phenylethylamine Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Enantiomers are isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and contain an asymmetric carbon atom and hence are chiral compounds. They have identical physical and chemical properti ...

The role of enzymes in metabolism

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

1. Most organisms are active within a limited temperature range: (9.1.1) •Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism, describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their ...

The Role Of Metal Ions In Biochemistry

Example essay. Published: 3rd May 2017

Metal ions are essential for living processes. Intra and inter cellular communications rest largely on the concentration gradients of potassium, sodium, calcium ions like calcium play a significant ro ...

The Ruthenium Red Test Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This test is subjected to identification of carbohydrates. 1 w/v dispersion of test substance was prepared in distilled water. Test mixture was combined with a small amount of molisch’s reagent ...

The Science of Toxicology

Example essay. Published: 4th Jun 2018

Introduction to Toxicology: The science of Toxicology consists of the study of biology, chemistry, and medicine, that is concerned with study of harmful; effects of chemicals on living organisms. It ...

The Separation Of Compounds Of Different Polarity

Example essay. Published: 8th May 2017

Chromatography is a technique used to separate individual components in a mixture. The basic principle is, they all have a stationary phase (a solid, or a liquid supported on a solid) and a mobile pha ...

The Stages of Sleep

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

The human brain can function in a number of ways, some of which are still being studied today. A process that we have studied intensely and have been able to generate a systematic explanation for ...

The Structure And Function In Four Specialised Cells

Example essay. Published: 3rd May 2017

The human body has numerous cells with differing functions but the same basic. The shell of the cell is the plasma membrane and is selectively permeable allowing it to control what enters and leaves, ...

The Structure And Function Of Antibodies

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2017

There is a type of white blood cell called plasma cells which are produced in the bone marrow as B cells then mature into plasma cells, these produce antibodies. Antibodies are either attached to cell ...

The Structure And Function Of Proteins Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Proteins are large macromolecules which consist of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen; proteins are polymeric chains that are built from monomers known as amino acids. Proteins have a major function in a liv ...

The Structure And Properties Of Surfactants

Example essay. Published: 4th May 2017

Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lowering of the interfacial tension between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactan ...

The Structure Of DNA

Example essay. Published: 15th May 2017

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are genetic materials. They are chemically similar but their 3 dimensional structures are different. DNA is informational molecule carrying genet ...

The Structure of Phospholipid

Example essay. Published: 15th May 2018

The inner layer of cell membranes consists of a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipids have a a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic tails. Phospholipid diversity is based on differences in the two ...

The Study Of Solubility Equilibrium

Example essay. Published: 25th Apr 2017

The first part of this experiment aims to determine the solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate in water, and thereby determine how the enthalpy and entropy change of the dissolutio ...

The Synthesis Reactivity Of Ferrocene

Example essay. Published: 16th May 2017

The discovery of ferrocene in the 1950s was a doorway to the area of organometallic chemistry and this occurrence was followed by the synthesis of massive organometallic complexes. Although the discov ...

The Transmission Electron Microscopy Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The transmission electron microscope operates on the same basic principles as the light microscope but uses electrons instead of light. What you can see with a light microscope is limited by the wavel ...

The Turbidity Test for Pasteurized Milk

Example essay. Published: 7th Aug 2018

Milk and dairy products, such as cream and yoghurt, are an important food group in the food pyramid. This food group provides us with calcium, which is not only crucial in strengthening our bones, but ...

The Types Of Pasta

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

Delicious, healthy, quick to cook and, above all, economical – pasta really is the ultimate convenience food. Whether simply tossed with a sauce, fresh vegetables or salad ingredients, or combin ...

The Use Of Enzymes In Textile Industry Biology Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Enzymes are bio-catalysts and are used in several industrial processes since nineteenth century. Its use in textile industry is an example of industrial or white revolution. Enzymes, due to their non- ...

The use of Lichens as a Pollution Indicator

Example essay. Published: 24th May 2018

Bioindicators, also known as biomarkers, are tools that used in ecology, physiology, environmental microbiology and other disciplines, to detect strain and other environmental conditions surrounding organisms. ...

The Usefulness Of Titration And Colorimetric Analysis

Example essay. Published: 3rd May 2017

As a child I was reasoned into taking vitamin supplements as they would make me grow ‘tall and strong’. Micronutrients like vitamin C are an empirical base to the formula for maintaining a ...