The Problems In Manual Library System Marketing Essay

✅ Paper Type: Free Essay	✅ Subject: Marketing
✅ Wordcount: 5288 words	✅ Published: 1st Jan 2015

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The days of the old card catalog are gone–it’s been replaced by computers, both inside and outside the walls of the library. In the past 50 years, automation has had a profound effect on both the work of the library staff and on the amount of information available to library patrons. Automation of acquisitions, cataloging, circulation and patron catalogs has made all parts of the library structure faster, more accurate and more accessible.

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Manual operating systems are vulnerable to human error. For instance, a librarian who misfiles a borrower’s records or indexes a book incorrectly slows down the process and wastes employees’ time. Manual systems are also slow to operate. Instead of using a computer to issue and take back books, locating and updating a card index is slow and laborious. Manual systems are unable to store large amounts of data efficiently. With manual systems staff spends a lot of their time on mechanical, clerical tasks rather than liaising with library visitors.

Manual systems in libraries struggle to cope with the recent explosion in information requests, many of them about online resources. Manual systems find it hard to cope with the volume of borrowers’ inquiries about books and research information. On a simple level, locating a precise book within the local library system is time-consuming without a linked computer network. On another level, meeting an inquiry about a precise online resource becomes almost impossible.

With a manual operating system librarians rely on regular contact with their members and generally communicate by mail. By contrast, an automated system allows librarians to send emails and enables borrowers to send inquiries and renew books via a website. Automated IT systems also enable librarians to list up-to-date information on a website such as events and changes to opening hours.

Librarians find it difficult to offer a wider range of new services with a manual library system. For example, a library can put its catalog on the Web allowing readers to access it remotely; with a manual system members have to visit or telephone the library to find this information.

Advantages of computerized library system:

Library Structure and Automation

All libraries, large or small and regardless of type, perform the same functions of purchasing, cataloging and loaning materials. Libraries are very record-intensive; that is, they must maintain acquisition records and bibliographic data of many specific materials. They also must record multiple transactions to keep track of each patron’s and material’s circulation status. By inputting all library data into one central database, record maintenance is both faster and more accurate.

Decentralized Access

When libraries first began applying automation to their structure, it was not unusual to automate only one function, such as acquisitions or circulation, or to have similar but multiple databases for different functions. Advances in library automation software now allow users of each library function–whether staff or patron–to access the same database. This means that updates to the database are seamless and accurate. It is common today for library patrons to be able to not only access a library’s catalog, but to perform transactions that previously required the assistance of library staff such as placing holds, renewing materials or setting up an interlibrary loan, all from their home computer.

Quick, Accurate Updating

Although a material’s bibliographic data needs to be entered only once, every check-in and check-out of each copy must be recorded. Such work is repetitive and time-consuming; automating circulation systems is a time-saver for both staff and patrons. Many libraries now have free-standing check-out and check-in kiosks, allowing patrons to quickly process their own loans.

Standardization of Data

Libraries have long sought to maintain common standards for cataloging and subject classification. With the advent of automation, the MARC (machine readable cataloging) format has provided both national and international standards for how catalog records are communicated from one machine to another. This, together with another important library automation standard called “linked systems protocol,” essentially allows library users to effortlessly access not only their own library’s records but the records of many remote library systems.

Working of Library Management Systems:

A proper library management system then you can access the catalogue list of the library from anywhere. If you are a book lover then this particular system will undoubtedly make things really simple and easy for you. You can easily track all the books which are there in the library and whenever you need them all you need to do is to locate them and then obtain them for reading. But whenever you are searching for some good software to actually avail these services which can really make things simpler you need to be very careful for this is indeed a big challenge for you. There are a lot of tips which are recommended by experts which you should definitely follow while you are looking for such software’s. The first thing you need to do is to make a list of all those people who are selling such software’s and all such things related to library management.

If you are finding it difficult to track your own home budget, then maybe you can consider free money management software. This free money management software allows every user the ease of use and the simplicity of home budgeting that can manage your budget so you can eventually have free money to pays bills. Finding it frustrating trying to manage where your money should go after receiving your salary?

And for this do not take into consideration the size of the library at the first hand or whether the library is at your home or in the church or be it in school. What you can do initially is to hire the software from some vendor who is an expert in such things so that you can go to him in case you face any problems. If you ever visit the website of any vendor you will find all such features mentioned there and also a summary of what the software is about. They can also at times mention the tours that they are conducting. Before buying such software’s you should always ask for a demo of the software by the vendor, whomsoever you are buying the software from. They may either give you the demo in their shop or they can also send someone to your place to first install the software and then teach you the details of how to use it.

There are a lot of services you can avail if you use this software. You can even talk to the seller and can even be on a conference call while doing your work side by side. Always think twice before you get the software installed. You should also ask the people who have used such software’s earlier so that you can get the inputs and you should know in detail about the software before you finally buy it. You can also visit those libraries which are using such software’s so that you know about the working of it.

Object oriented solution is better solution for Library computerization:

An objected oriented method to model an electronic library because the object oriented approach supports, among other, the development of:

Applications that can be combined between themselves. for example using standard interfaces to make software components communicate (compatibility)

reusable applications which can be re-used to develop new application

Extensible applications that can be adapted to specification changes. For example: to minimize the modification to be made in implementation when the specifications are modified.

LO2:

DATA Flow Diagrams:

Requirements Specification

Functional requirements:

Accession number, roll number, ISBN Number and teacher identification must all be unique as they form the primary keys of the respective tables.

All new books must be entered in the accession table first, to avoid problems later.

A book must not be deleted from student profile unless and until she pays the appropriate fine or the same book.

While inserting values in the database, only valid values must be entered.

Data requirements:

The Library Management System shall be required to maintain information about its users and books.

It shall store databases for students, teachers and books, Employee books

The student database stores information about a student’s roll no, name, address, course and year.

The book database stores information about a book title, author, publisher, cost, bill number, year of publishing and pages.

The teacher database stores information about a teacher’s id, name, department, and designation, address and telephone number.

Software requirements: The system on which the Library Management System is installed must have Microsoft windows in it.

Hardware requirements: Genuine Intel, x86 Family 15 Model 2 Stepping 4, 128.0 MB RAM.

Class Diagram:

ERD DIAGRAM

Code of the Software created:

**************LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM**************************

#include

int display();

long int getsize(char[]);

void editb();

void edits();

void bkst();

void stst();

void issue();

void viewret();

void retbook();

void bklt();

void stlt();

typedef struct date DATE;

DATE dt,is,rt;

int dtest;

typedef struct

{

char sno[6];

char name[20];

float fine;

char dept[3];

int token;

}customer;

typedef struct

{

char bno[5];

char bname[50];

char aname[20];

DATE iss;

DATE ret;

char status[1];

char isto[6];

int cost;

char descpt[200];

}book;

int id,im,iy,rd,rm,ry;

void assign(book *b)

{

b->iss.da_year=iy;

b->iss.da_mon=im;

b->iss.da_day=id;

b->ret.da_day=rd;

b->ret.da_mon=rm;

b->ret.da_year=ry;

return;

}

void main()

{

int opt;

clrscr();

while(1)

{

if(dtest!=1)

{

getdate(&dt);

is=dt;

rt=dt;

iy=is.da_year;

im=is.da_mon;

id=is.da_day;

rt.da_day+=15;

if(rt.da_day>31)

{

rt.da_day-=31;

rt.da_mon+=1;

}

rd=rt.da_day;

rm=rt.da_mon;

ry=rt.da_year;

dtest=1;

}

opt=display();

switch(opt)

{

case 1:

editb();

continue;

case 2:

edits();

continue;

case 3:

stst();

continue;

case 4:

bkst();

continue;

case 9:

stlt();

continue;

case 8:

bklt();

continue;

case 0:

exit(0);

break;

case 5:

issue();

continue;

case 7:

retbook();

continue;

case 6:

viewret();

continue;

default:

continue;

}

long int getsize(char a[])

{

int file,size;

file = open(a,O_RDONLY);

size=filelength(file);

close(file);

if (size<=(n+size)-1;i++)

{

int temp,flag=0;

printf(“No. of the book:”);

scanf(“%s”,(bk+i)->bno);

for(temp=0;tempbno,(bk+i)->bno);

if((int)cmp==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if(flag==1)

{

printf(“nBook is aldready present!n”);

i–;

continue;

}

printf(“Title of the book:”);

scanf(“%s”,(bk+i)->bname);

printf(“subject of the book:”);

scanf(“%s”,(bk+i)->subject);

printf(“Author Name:”);

scanf(“%s”,(bk+i)->aname);

printf(“Enter the cost of the book:”);

scanf(“%d”,&(bk+i)->cost);

(bk+i)->status[0]=’N’;

printf(“Enter a short description :”);

scanf(“%s”,(bk+i)->descpt);

printf(“Enter the ISBN Number:”);

scanf(“%i”,(bk+i)->ISBN)

printf(“Enter the Publisher Name:”);

scanf(“%s”,(bk+i)->publisher);

}

fp=fopen(“book.rrn”,”w+”);

fwrite(bk,sizeof(book),(n+size),fp);

printf(“%d book(s) added succesfully!”,n);

fcloseall();

getch();

clrscr();

return;

case 2:

printf(“nEnter the number of the book:”);

scanf(“%s”,bn);

if(size==0)

{

printf(“Book list does not exist!”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

fp=fopen(“book.rrn”,”r+”);

fread(bk,sizeof(book),size,fp);

fcloseall();

for(i=0;ibno,strlen(bn))==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if(flag!=1)

{

printf(“nThe entered book id is invalid.”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

if((bk+i)->status[0]==’Y’)

{

printf(“nCannot delete the book.The book has

been issued!”);

getch();

return;

}

for(;i<=(n+size)-1;i++)

{

int temp,flag=0;

printf(“No. of the customer:”);

scanf(“%s”,(st+i)->sno);

for(temp=0;tempsno,(st+temp)->sno,6);

if((int)cmp==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if(flag==1)

{

printf(“nCustomer aldready present in the list!n”);

i–;

continue;

}

printf(“Name of the customer:”);

scanf(“%s”,(st+i)->name);

printf(“Enter the customer ID:”);

scanf(“%i”(st+i)->cis id);

printf(“Gender:”);

scanf(“%s”,(st+i)->gend);

printf(“Joining DATE:”);

scanf(“%i”(st+i)->date);

printf(“Enter Customer Addresses:”);

scanf(“%s”,(st+i)->Add);

(st+i)->token=0;

(st+i)->fine=0;

}

fp=fopen(“customer.rrn”,”w+”);

fwrite(st,sizeof(customer),(n+size),fp);

printf(“%d customer(s) added succesfully!”,n);

fcloseall();

getch();

clrscr();

return;

case 2:

printf(“nEnter the number of the customer:”);

scanf(“%s”,bn);

if(size==0)

{

printf(“Customer list does not exist!”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

fp=fopen(“customer.rrn”,”r+”);

fread(st,sizeof(customer),size,fp);

fcloseall();

for(i=0;isno,strlen(bn))==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if(flag!=1)

{

printf(“nThe entered customer id is invalid.”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

if((st+i)->token>0)

{

printf(“nCannot delete the customer.The customer has borrowed

books from library!”);

getch();

return;

}

for(;isno,bn,6);

if((int)cmp==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if(flag!=1)

{

printf(“nThe entered customer id is invalid.”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

clrscr();

printf(“ttttCUSTOMER DETAILS”);

printf(“nnCustomer name:%s”,(st+i)->name);

printf(“nGender:%s”,(st+i)->gend);

printf(“nTokens Used: %d”,(st+i)->token);

printf(“nFine:%.2f”,(st+i)->fine);

if((st+i)->token==0)

{

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

else if((st+i)->token!=0)

{

bsize1=getsize(“book.rrn”);

size1=(bsize1)/sizeof(book);

fp=fopen(“book.rrn”,”r”);

bk=(book*)malloc((size1)*sizeof(book));

fread(bk,sizeof(book),size1,fp);

fcloseall();

printf(“nnBOOK(S) BORROWED FROM THE LIBRARY:n”);

for(i=0;iisto,6);

if((int)chk==0&&(bk+i)->status[0]==’Y’)

printf(“nBook.No:%stBook Name:%stnIssue:%d-%d-%dt

Expected Return:%d-%d-%dn”,

(bk+i)->bno,(bk+i)->bname,(bk+i)->iss.da_day,

(bk+i)->iss.da_mon,(bk+i)->iss.da_year,

(bk+i)->ret.da_day,(bk+i)->ret.da_mon,(bk+i)->ret.da_year);

}

printf(“nPress any key……..”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

void bkst()

{

int size,i,flag=0,bsize;

customer *st;

book *bk;

FILE *fp;

char bn[6];

bsize=getsize(“book.rrn”);

size=(bsize)/sizeof(book);

bk=(book*)malloc((size)*sizeof(book));

printf(“nEnter the number of the book:”);

scanf(“%s”,bn);

if(size==0)

{

printf(“Book list does not exist!”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

fp=fopen(“book.rrn”,”r+”);

fread(bk,sizeof(book),size,fp);

fcloseall();

for(i=0;ibno,bn,6);

if((int)cmp==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if(flag!=1)

{

printf(“nThe entered book id is invalid.”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

clrscr();

printf(“nnttttBOOK DETAILS”);

printf(“nnBook name:%s”,(bk+i)->bname);

printf(“nnAuthor Name:%s”,(bk+i)->aname);

printf(“nnCost:Rs %d.00”,(bk+i)->cost);

printf(“nnDesciption:%s”,(bk+i)->descpt);

printf(“nnISBN:%i”,(bk+i)->ISBN)

printf(“nnSUBJECT:%s”,(bk+i)->subject);

printf(“nnPUBLISHER%s”,(bk+i)->publisher);

if((bk+i)->status[0]==’Y’)

{

char temp[6];

strncpy(temp,(bk+i)->isto,6);

printf(“nnStatus:Issued”);

printf(“nnIssued to: %.6s”,temp);

printf(“nnDate of issue:%d/%d/%d”,(bk+i)->iss.da_day,

(bk+i)->iss.da_mon,(bk+i)->iss.da_year);

printf(“nnExpected date of return:%d/%d/%d”,

(bk+i)->ret.da_day,(bk+i)->ret.da_mon,(bk+i)->ret.da_year);

}

else

printf(“nnStatus:Not Issued”);

getch();

clrscr();

return;

}

int display()

{

int op;

char msg[26];

clrscr();

printf(“tt Library Management Softwareâ€‘n”);

printf(“nnDate :%d/%d/%dn”,dt.da_day,dt.da_mon,dt.da_year);

printf(“n1.Edit book list”);

printf(“n2.Edit Customer list”);

printf(“n3.Customer status”);

printf(“n4.Book status”);

printf(“n5.Issue”);

printf(“n6.View books”);

printf(“n7.Return Books”);

printf(“n8.View book list”);

printf(“n9.View customer list”);

strcpy(msg,”0.ExitnEnter your choice:”);

printf(“n%s”,msg);

scanf(“%d”,&op);

return op;

}

void issue()

{

char bno[6],sno[6];

int size,bsize,i,flag=0,size1,bsize1,j,flag1=0,flag2=0,flag3=0;

char msg[22];

FILE *fp;

book *bk;

customer *st;

flag1=flag2=flag=flag3=0;

strcpy(msg,”Enter the book number:”);

printf(“n%s”,msg);

scanf(“%s”,bno);

bsize=getsize(“book.rrn”);

size=bsize/sizeof(book);

if(size==0)

{

printf(“nBooklist does not exist!”);

getch();

return;

}

fp=fopen(“book.rrn”,”r+”);

bk=(book*)malloc(size*sizeof(book));

fread(bk,sizeof(book),size,fp);

fcloseall();

for(i=0;ibno,strlen(bno));

if((int)temp==0)

{

flag=1;

break;

}

if((bk+i)->status[0]==’N’)

flag3=1;

if(flag==1 && flag3==1)

{

printf(“Enter the customer no:”);

scanf(“%s”,sno);

bsize1=getsize(“customer.rrn”);

size1=bsize1/sizeof(customer);

fp=fopen(“customer.rrn”,”r+”);

st=(customer*)malloc(size1*sizeof(customer));

fread(st,sizeof(customer),size1,fp);

fcloseall();

for(j=0;jsno,strlen(sno));

if(temp==0)

{

flag1=1;

break;

}

if(flag1==1&&flag==1)

{

if((st+j)->tokencost;

strcpy((bk+i)->isto,sno);

(bk+i)->status[0]=’Y’;

(bk+i)->cost=price;

assign(bk+i);

fwrite(bk,sizeof(book),size,fp);

fcloseall();

fp=fopen(“customer.rrn”,”w+”);

(st+j)->token+=1;

fwrite(st,sizeof(customer),size1,fp);

fcloseall();

getch();

}

if(flag!=1)

printf(“nInvalid Book Number!”);

else if(flag3!=1)

printf(“nBook has aldready been issued!”);

else if(flag1!=1)

printf(“nInvalid customer number!”);

else if(flag2!=1)

printf(“nTokens Exhausted!”);

else

printf(“ntry another book!”);

}

Getch();

}

User manual to the user:

The Library Management System automates the basic library functions to aid in the day-to-day operations of a library. It supports functions such as issue, return, the very basic functions of searching for a particular book, etc.

It also maintains data about books about books, teachers, students records that are required during various library operations. The software aims to make the system user friendly and efficient.

The functions that the Library Management System provides are as follows:

INSERT: This operation is performed when new data needs to be added to the system, for e.g. when department purchases a new book, the book’s entry is inserted in the books database. This option has three choices:

Book: This choice allows entering data about newly purchased books into the books database. The data entered includes book’s author, title, publisher, cost and various other fields provided in the form. The data must be accurate and must be entered in the correct format as indicated in the forms.

Teacher: This option is used for entering data for a new teacher in the teacher’s database. This option is chosen when a teacher joins college.

Student: This will enter new record for a student in student’s database. This option is chosen when a student is enrolled in the college.

DELETE: This operation clears the existing records in the various databases. It is used when for e.g. a member leaves college or when book is disposed of from library. But care must be taken while performing this operation and permission taken from the head of library because the system could loose any important data.

It can be performed on all databases and on three choices are:

Book: This will enter a null value for the book whose accession number is entered in the field provided in the respected form. This operation is done when a book is disposed of the library.

Teacher: This will clear the record for a particular teacher whose identification number is entered. This option is chosen when a teacher leaves college.

Student: This will clear the record for the particular student whose record needs to be deleted by entering her roll number in the required field. This option is chosen when a student leaves college.

UPDATE: This function updates data in the various records. This operation is supported by all the three entries:

Book: This function generally would not be required for updating a book’s status as that data wouldn’t change.

Teacher: This will update the data of particular teacher, whose data has changed like address, phone number, etc. by entering her identification number.

Student: This will update the data of student like address, course, etc. by entering student’s roll number.

SEARCH: This function is used to search particular data from the database. This function can search for data related to all the

three entities:

Book: To search for a particular book, to know whether it is currently available in library or not. This can be done by entering value in any one or more fields in the form to perform the search such as title or author name.

Teacher: This will find out the particular teacher who currently has the book for which search is being carried out.

Student: This will find out the particular student who possesses the particular book.

ISSUE: This operation is used for issuing a book to a member of the library. For this operation to be successful the member must meet

some criteria like she shouldn’t have issued books to her maximum

limit previously. All these checks are done by software. If desperation is successful, then the system automatically stores the date of issue and the due date by which the book must be returned.

Student: When a student loans a book, the entry of the book is stored automatically in the student’s database with the due date of that book.

Teacher: In case a member of teaching staff loans a book the entry is stored in teacher’s database with the due date of the book.

RETURN: Using this operation a member returns the items, which she loaned, from the library back to it. If the book, which is loaned is not returned within specified time the member ends up as a defaulter and she is required to pay fine which is calculated automatically by the software.

Teacher: It will delete the corresponding entry made in teacher’s database.

Student: It will delete the corresponding entry made in student’s database.

DISPLAY: This is used to display each and every record, i.e. record of every book, teacher and student in the library.

Book: Record of every book, i.e. its accession number, author name, publisher name, etc.

Teacher: Record of every teacher, i.e. her id, department, no. of books issued, etc., who is member of the college library.

Student: Record of every student, i.e. her roll number, course, no of books issued, etc., who is member of the college library.

EXIT: This takes user out of the application.

Technical manual:

In my project, I have used waterfall model. This model is used when requirements are well defined and reasonably stable, and in my project ‘Library Management System’ all the requirements are well defined.

The waterfall model, sometimes called the classic life cycle, suggests a systematic, sequential approach to software development that begins with customer specification of requirements and progresses through planning, modeling, construction and deployment, culminating in on-going support of the complete software.

I have defined activities and represented them into separated process phases. All the stages overlap and fed information to each other. It is not a simple linear model but involves a sequence of iterations of development activities.

This model is appropriate for my project as I had ample of time for designing it, so the time constraints were not there. This model generally takes more time to complete the software life cycle as when a stage completes it is signed off and development goes onto the next stage.

Instillation and Setup Manual:

Requirements:

Pentium II or Higher with 800 MHz

Windows Xp or higher

20 Mb of space

Internet connection(ISP)

Turbo C/C++ software

128 Mb of RAM or Higher

SQL server 2005

.NET framework 3.5

First you need to install turbo C/C++ in your pc,

Install SQL server And .NET framework

Then you have compiled the library management program in your pc through C idle

Now you are ready to use Library management,

Make upload all the Database of your Library system after you start over the software

Testing & Debugging:

It is integral part of any system’s development life cycle without which the system developed is sure to fail and result in loss of economic and manpower investments besides user’s dissatisfaction and downfall of reputation.

System testing is the stage of implementation, which aims at ensuring that the system works accurately and efficiently before actual operation commences. No program or system design is perfect, communication between the user and the designer is not always complete or clear. All this can result in errors.

Another reason for system testing is its utility as a user oriented vehicle before implementation. The application system is worthless if does not meet user needs, thus the system should be tested to see whether it meets the user requirements.

Testing here is conducted in bottom up approach as follows:

Module testing: Here testing is done at each module level. Each case has been thoroughly tested to discover pitfalls.

System testing: Here testing is done after all the modules have been integrated.