Agricultural Case Study of Wheat

Corn is grown in most U.S. States, but production is concentrated in the Heartland region (including Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, eastern portions of South Dakota and Nebraska, western Kentucky and Ohio, and the northern two-thirds of Missouri).

Maize has been developed in Australia for over 150 years however the residential market stays little. While it is viewed as a moderately minor crop in contrast with other summer crops, similar to sorghum and cotton, it is unique on the grounds that it has the most stretched out geological spread of all the field crops in Australia; developing from tropical North Queensland, down to Victoria and Tasmania, and crosswise over to Northern Territory and the southern areas of Western Australia

Although maize is developed in all states of Australia and the Northern Territory, production is overwhelmingly in the eastern states. central Queensland, Darling Downs, Liverpool Plains and the Riverina are key production territories for irrigated maize; and downpour nourished maize is created in high rainfall areas, for example, the north shoreline of New South Wales and Gippsland in Victoria.

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The grain business production network includes numerous means including input providers (raw materials), producers (farmers), grain marketers, bulk handlers, shipping operators, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, buyers and waste administration. Each of these adds to the natural impression left by that phase of production or consumption.Understanding the full supply chain can encourage better administration of environmental effects related to grain production.The five primary components of the grain supply chain  in Australia are pre-farm, on-farm, storage and processing, retail and consumption, and Transportation.

Maize is a multipurpose, yearly summer cereal, producing grain and grub. Most of Australian grain is used domestically, however specialty fare markets exist. domestically, grain is used by a wide scope of industries, varying from stockfeed to industrial uses, for example, breakfast cereals, snack foods and for starch extraction. A significant area of production is developed for whole plant silage, particularly for dairy farmers and feedlots. Ethanol production is a potential opportunity for maize growers.

Extreme environmental conditions and crop management adjustments they force upon farmers are the two biggest causes for corn yield loss.

Five yield-influencing factors include:

1. Moisture Extremes: Farmers surveyed said moisture extremes at critical times in the growing season — namely planting and harvest — make up their biggest worry when it comes to yield loss potential.
2. Delayed field operations: is the potential for delays in field operations those extremes cause. Adjusted harvest timeframes, for example, can create yield loss as well as chip away at overall crop income,
3. Soil Conditions: Too much moisture can challenge and shorten the farmer’s window of opportunity to plant. Even planting a day or more to soon can create definite yield loss from a planter’s sidewall compaction not to mention tire compaction
4. Weed / Insect Pressures: Likely because of increasing reports of herbicide resistance among some common weed species, weed pressures in their fields are a major contributing factor to potential corn yield loss.
5. Wind damage / downed corn: when it comes to harvest operations, downed or lodged corn is the biggest cause for potential yield loss. In many ways, downed corn is the culmination of other factors that affect yield on top of agronomic advancements that continue to push overall yield potential higher.

Present day farms and agricultural activities work for uniquely in contrast to those a couple of decades back, principally in light of headways in innovation, including sensors, gadgets, machines, and information technology. The present agriculture uses advanced innovations, for example, robots, temperature and dampness sensors, elevated pictures, and GPS technology. These advanced devices and accuracy agriculture and robotic systems enable organizations to be progressively beneficial, effective, more secure, and all the more naturally well disposed.

farmers never again need to apply water, composts, and pesticides consistently crosswise over whole fields. Rather, they can utilize the base amounts required and target quite certain zones, or even treat individual plants differently. Advantages include:

• Higher crop productivity
• Decreased  use of water, fertilizer, and pesticides, which in turn keeps food prices down
• Reduced impact on natural ecosystems
• Less runoff of chemicals into rivers and groundwater
• Increased worker safety

Furthermore, robotic technologies enable increasingly solid observing and the management of natural resources, for example, air and water quality. It additionally gives producers more prominent power over plant and animal production, processing, distribution, and storage, which results in:

• Greater efficiencies and lower prices
• Safer growing conditions and safer foods
• Reduced environmental and ecological impact

 Growing corn involves inefficient water usage, affects sensitive land areas and causes pesticide runoff. According to one estimate, 20% of corn was grown on land designated as highly erodible. Furthermore, environmentally-friendly crop rotation is no longer being implemented because of pesticide use and machine irrigation.

The chemicals used in corn production negatively impact the environment:

• Nitrogen diminishes water quality.
• Phosphorus promotes excessive plant growth in waterways.
• Ammonia contributes to greenhouse gases.

The right resources and the management strategies are fundamental so as to streamline and create high corn yields. Obviously, good climate assumes a huge job, however regarding what can be controlled, here are a couple of key areas that can work with their growers on ways to improve their corn yield potential.

Crop Rotation: Results have shown that crop rotation practices can enhance crop yields.

Soil Conditions: It’s important to plant when soil conditions are positive, as seedling issues occur more often in wet soils and cool soil temperatures.

Starter Fertilizer: Starter fertilizers are a crucial part of a high-yield program. They help a plant’s ability to uptake immobile nutrients.

Yield and quality are both affected by harvest nourishment. Maize is receptive to fertiliser, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and high-yielding harvests will require enormous amounts of these supplements. To guarantee ideal use of fertiliser, a soil test ought to be directed before planting, and perhaps tissue testing during harvest development to recognize follow component prerequisites, for example, zinc and molybdenum.

References

• https://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/2012/09/06/how-grow-sweet-corn
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States
• https://www.gardenate.com/plant/Sweet%2Bcorn?zone=2
• https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/research-team-develops-corn-that-can-grow-in-dry-conditions/news-story/f15cbfc38f90eb86658f320576203226
• https://www.alberta.ca/us-crops-where-are-they-grown.aspx