Case Study of DFA and NFA Implementation

• Muhammad Danial Waseem
• Hania Farooq

Table of Contents (Jump to)

Digital Social Media

Popular Social Media Tools and Platforms

Blogs

Face book

WhatsApp

Viber

Twitter

YouTube

Flickr

Instagram

LinkedIn Groups

Vimeo

STATE 1 (login state)

Regular expression for the state 1

(After login )

Regular expression for the state 2

Combined automata

Table (3) Transition table for combined states of facebook

Scenario 2

Language

Automata

Transition table:

Scenario 3

Language

References

References of Images

List of Figures

Figure 1- Types of social media

Figure 2- Automata of first state of facebook

Figure 3- Automata of second state of facebook

Figure 4- combined state of facebook

Figure 5- Screenshots of Whats App

Figure 6- Automata of Whats App

Figure 7- Screenshots of Viber

Figure 8- Automata of viber

Introduction

Digital Social Media

Digital Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. The Office of Digital Communication manages the main Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Foursquare, YouTube and Vimeo accounts.

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Furthermore, social media depend on mobile and web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals and communities share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between organizations, communities, and individuals.These changes are the focus of the emerging field of technoself studies.

Social media are different from traditional or industrial media in many ways, including quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence

Diagram depicting the many different types of social media

There are many effects that stem from internet usage. According to Nielsen, internet users continue to spend more time with social media sites than any other type of site. At the same time, the total time spent on social media in the U.S. across PC and mobile devices increased by 99 percent to 121 billion minutes in July 2012 compared to 66 billion minutes in July 2011

Popular Social Media Tools and Platforms

Blogs A platform for casual dialogue and discussions on a specific topic or opinion.

Face bookThe world’s largest social network, with more than 1.32 billion monthly active users (as of June 2014). For accessing users create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including status updates. Brands create pages and Facebook users can “like” brands’ pages.

WhatsApp WhatsApp is the best social network and mobile application. User create accounts send images videos audio notes update status, recently Facebook purchased it.

Viber Viber is also an application and bestest application that gives both option of chat and call to the user.

TwitterA social networking/micro-blogging platform that allows groups and individuals to stay connected through the exchange of short status messages (140 character limit).

YouTube Video hosting and watching websites.

Flickr An image and video hosting website and online community. Photos can be shared on Facebook and Twitter and other social networking sites.

Instagram A free photo and video sharing application that allows users to apply digital filters, frames and special effects to their photos and then share them on a variety of social networking sites.

LinkedIn GroupsA place where groups of professionals with similar areas of interest can share information and participate in conversations.

VimeoVideo hosting and watching websites.

Scenario 1

An example of digital social media, i.e. Face book.

Facebook(formerly[thefacebook]) is an online social networking service headquartered in Menlo Park, California. Facebook now allows anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old to become a registered user of the website.

After registering to use the site, users can create a User profile, add other users as “friends”, exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications when others update their profiles. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as “People from Work” or “Close Friends”.

Construct a finite automata for facebook in which a user first access to the login page of facebook then user enter ID and password for login process. This process work in backend due to searching algorithm and after search facebook opens the account of the user who enters the ID and password. And now user is entered in home page. If the user wants to create account on facebook then he/she have to enter some details that are required for creating an account and after verification of detail the user can use their home page. In home page there are 4 main options and many other option if the user wants to stay on the home page i.e. user may use search bar for searching any stuff, any application any friend or anything. User want to access a group that he already joined and either option.

The 5 main options are:

• Newsfeed (notification)
• Sharing
• Profile
• Search
• Chat

Now if user want to open newsfeed then user is able to see latest notification or anything in which user is tagged or anyone post on his time line or having response of the something which the user is already shared. User wants to share any picture/audio/video or any status among his friends. The other option is profile. Profile is the timeline of the user in which user can see or comment on what user have already shared or any friend have shared or commented on is shared thing or on status and user can update his/her personal information. The other option is search. The user want to search some content by using search bar. The last but not least option is chat. That enable the user to chat with the friends on his/her friend list.

As the whole automaton of the facebook is too vast that’s why for describing them clearly we divided it into 2 states. The first state is login state and the other stage is after login stage. And at the end we will combine all the stages as final automata.

STATE 1 (login state)

L= {L, EN, P, H, CA, ED, V,}

Q= q₀, q₁, q₂, q₃, q₄, q₅, q₆, q₇

Where,

L=login

EN= enter name

P= enter password

H=home page

CA=create an account

ED=enter detail

V=detail verified

The above automaton is illustrating that when the user give the input “L” means login and after “L” machine accepts the name and the password i.e. EN (enter name ) and p (password) for reaching the final stage of login state i.e. HOME. The user have another option if the user have not any account then the facebook machine (automata) also gives the opportunity to create an account for creating the account the machine accepts the particular details i.e. ED means to enter the required detail.

In this automata it is defined that when user open the facebook user have 2 option either he/she open account or he/she creates new account. So if user have not his account so he follow the second option go to create option enter all the details then verified these detail and account created and if have user have already account so he he/she just enter name and password and enter these thing .

So same as defined in this automata user have to follow two paths which are clearly mentioned in this automata.

Regular expression for the state 1

STATE 2

(After login )

L= { H, SH, NF, Pr, S, CH, LO, D}

Where

SH = user wants to share the pictures/audio/video or text among his friends.

NF = notification from the friends or the pages liked. The user can select the notification and see

Pr= timeline of the user. In which user can see what he shared or he/she can update his/her information.

S= the user want to search some contact.

CH = it stands for chat. That it enables user to chat with the friend on his/her friends list

LO = logout. The user sign out and get return to the main page

Second state is describes is the state open after login so after login facebook is a multifunction social media but we compiled main functions. So when user logins to fb user have many options now depend on user what user wants to do. either user stays on home page and read normally or he shared any others post, or check the notification of other or the thing which he/she tagged in, or view his own profile or any others profile or use the search option to find any person or search any app or games for playing or using.………

There are many others also things to do but these are the main thing which normally user can do on the daily basis.

Now there are some other things also which we mention in automata is using keelene. It’s like if user logins the page and he do not do anything just stay remain in home page it’s not necessary that all user do the same so it’s also mention in automata.

Regular expression for the state 2

It’s a general regular expression which is made by the automata but we have to normalize the regular expression fro make it simple and complicated for other so they don’t try to copy,

After normalization

I denoted as the r.e₂ because it’s the same regular expression but just a normalized form.

See transition table on the next page,

Combined automata

L= {L, EN, P, H, CA, ED, V, H, SH, NF, Pr, S, CH, LO, D }

r.e = S (L.E.N.P.H + CA. ED. V. H) H*(SH⁺ + NF⁺+ Pr⁺ +S⁺+CH*)D(H+LO)

Scenario 2

Another example of digital social media i.e., WhatsApp

WhatsAppis a proprietary, cross-platform instant messaging subscription service for smartphones and selected feature phones that uses the Internet for communic