Computer Science Essays

Genetic Algorithm (GA) as Optimization Technique

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

Preference learning (or preference elicitation) is a critical problem in many scientific fields, such as decision theory [1,2], economics [3,4], logistic [ref] and database [5]. When modeling user p ...

Gesture-based Interface

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

Gesture recognition is a mix on language technology and computer science to interpret human gestures. Learn more in this UKessays.com treatise. ...

Glaucoma Image Processing Technique

Example essay. Published: 29th Aug 2017

Team 19 Members 40102434 – Andrew Collins 40134357 – Connor Cox 40056301 – William Craig 40133157 – Aaron Devine We have been tasked to develop a system that through image processing tech ...

Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communication Overview

Example essay. Published: 7th Aug 2018

Tara Rushdi Haydar Sinar Selahaddin Merdan Rojgar Mewlud Murad   Contents (Jump to) Introduction What is GSM? GSM Network Architecture What is Roaming? What is GRAN? Requirement need for building ...

Goals and Objectives of Systems Analysis and Design

Example essay. Published: 11th Aug 2017

Assignment-1 Q1. Describe what Systems Analysis and design is. What are the major goals and objectives? Answer: Definition: Information System Analysis and Design is method to develop and maintain ...

Google And Yahoo Search Engine

Example essay. Published: 3rd May 2017

Web search engines are keys to the immense treasure of information. Dependency on the search engines is increasing drastically for both personal and professional use. It has become essential for the u ...

Google Chrome: A Freeware Web Browser

Example essay. Published: 25th Apr 2017

Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google that uses the WebKit layout engine. It was released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows on September 2, 2008, and as a stable public rel ...

Google Drive: Functions, Security and Applications

Example essay. Published: 9th Apr 2018

Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction What is Google Drive and its function? How to start with Google Drive? How secure is Google Drive? How do people use Google Drive? What is the maximum upload ...

GPU Accelerated Parallel Heuristic for the 2D Knapsack Problem

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

A GPU accelerated parallel heuristic for the 2D knapsack problem with rectangular pieces Abstract: The 2D Knapsack Problem is one of the typical NP-hard problems in combinatori ...

GPU-Accelerated Impact Maximization in Professional Networks

Example essay. Published: 4th Apr 2018

GPU-Accelerated Impact Maximization in Large-Scale Professional Networks Dr. M. Rajasekhara, Babu B. V. Arunragavan   Abstract Impact Maximization means to discover the top-K fascinating people to e ...

Graphical User Interface For The 3 Axis Cnc Milling Machine Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This paper details the design and development of a Graphical User Interface for the 3-Axis CNC Milling Machine, which was designed in-house for testing and research purposes at the University of the S ...

Guilloche Pattern Algorithms

Example essay. Published: 11th Aug 2017

Documents are protected from forgeries now a days by complex patterns such as guilloches which are efficiently used in currency, identity cards, auto registration certificate, fiscal marks, policy f ...

Hackers And Ethical Hackers

Example essay. Published: 1st Jun 2017

Cyber security is one of the most critical aspects of security that any organization in the modern world must be concerned with. Why? Mostly because of Black-hat Hackers. The following review is a gen ...

Hand Tracking Piano App for Windows

Example essay. Published: 23rd Sep 2019

Contents 1 Introduction……………………………………………………1 1.1&#x ...

Handover Problems and Solutions for 5G Communication Technology

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

Introduction The continuously increasing demand of wireless communications impels the fast development of the next generation wireless communication technology. The 5G communication tec ...

Hardware Loss And Residual Data Fragments Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Computer networks and communication methodologies are getting much valuable to todays organization to carry out operational work efficiently and accurately. It is much more useful to communicate data ...

Hardware Techniques to Mitigate Fault Attacks

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

Abstract— An act which is to a deliberate control of the incorporated circuit or its state, with an aim to incite a mistake inside the coordinated circuit with the end goal to move the gadget i ...

HDFC Bank: Securing Online Banking

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2018

James Rapp Managing Information Security in Information Systems   Summary The importance of banking online has grown enormously in the past decade. Making for more profit and better convenience it ...

Healthcare Technology and Big Data

Example essay. Published: 9th Apr 2018

Introduction As technology advances, medical devices are able to record increasing amounts of information. These devices are also becoming much more assessable to consumers than in the past. In Adam ...

Healthy Eating Companion App

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

1.INTRODUCTION Healthy eating is the most important factor in maintaining health. It is considered as most important means of promoting health. Healthy eating is an overall sense of well being and a ...

Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN) Management

Example essay. Published: 4th Apr 2018

A Key Management & Establishment Scheme in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN) Premamayudu B, Venkata rao K, and Suresh Varma P   Abstract: Key management is the one of the fundamen ...

High Level Programming Language Of Java Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Java technology is a combination of programming language and a platform. This technology supports the state of art programs assisting the games, utilities also services related to the business applica ...

Higher Quality Input Phrase To Driven Reverse Dictionary

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2018

Implementing a Higher Quality Input Phrase To Driven Reverse Dictionary E.Kamalanathan and C.Sunitha Ram ABSTRACT Implementing a higher quality input phrase to driven reverse wordbook. In contrast ...

History and Development of Programming Languages

Example essay. Published: 26th Mar 2018

Yash Ojha   Introduction Programming languages play the most important role in the creation of various Software’s. Application, and Webpages etc. Just because of the existence of programming lang ...

History and Impact of the Smart Phone

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

INTRODUCTION This report is regarding the smartphone which is used nowadays worldwide. In this modern world, almost every person is using a smartphone, even kids know how to use a smartphone. With t ...

History Of Lan And Wan Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

History of LAN and WAN which is the topic that chosen by me. The reason I choose this topic it is because nowadays people use to communicate with each other by using Internet rather than others tradit ...

Horizontal and vertical handover in wireless and cellular environment

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Chapter 1 Introduction In 1984, when Marconi had seen practical reality, he had also seen the commercial possibility for a system of telegraphy, which is absolutely free from the limitations of wires ...

How Big Data is Used in Retail Industry: Etsy

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

Big Data can be defined as the inability of traditional data architectures to efficiently handle the new datasets. Characteristics of Big Data that force new architectures are: 1. Volume: Size of da ...

How Cookies Are Used On The Internet Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

This paper will discuss “how cookies are used on the Internet and the risks associated with cookies”. The essay will explain what computer cookies are, how they are used, the security issu ...

How Does Digital Radio Work Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Digital audio broadcasting, also known as digital radio and high-definition radio, is audio broadcasting in which analogy audio is converted into a digital signal and transmitted on an assigned channe ...

How Effective is Metadata?

Example essay. Published: 11th Aug 2017

ABSTRACT: In a highly growing technological world, large organizations deal with huge amount of information. With this rapid growth the retrieval of historical information has become a compulsory ta ...

How Firewalls Mitigate Attacks

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

Network Security is the process by which digital information assets are protected. If the network security is compromise, severe consequences could occur such as loss of confidential information [6]. ...

How Number System Is Used In IT

Example essay. Published: 17th May 2017

In this documentation I have discussed of how the application of number system is used in IT applications in both hardware and applications, operating system and in programming language. I have discus ...

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

All software utilities have been designed and made to improve the performance of computer systems. These software utilities can be an advantage to Sam because he does not know much about computers and ...

how to make a justification report

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Justification Report 1. Introduction I have been appointed as a project manager of MPAG (Mostper Park Automobile Group Ltd) which is a fast growing campany formed by the merger of a number of garag ...

How to Write a Research Dissertation/Thesis

Example essay. Published: 9th Apr 2018

How Research is to be written and presented Research writing Research writing is a major factor of success for any student, scholar or anyone interested in the pursuit of knowledge as a research pape ...

Human Computer Interaction Design For Mobile Device Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The designs that come in HCI targets in producing interactive products that are that provider pleasant experience to use. Because of the multi dimensional method of HCI and varying systems of interfac ...

Human Error In Maintenance Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Human errors maybe categorized under six groups with respect to engineering: design errors, assembly errors, installation errors, inspection errors, operating errors and maintenance errors. Maintenanc ...

IDE for Satellite ODL

Example essay. Published: 29th Mar 2018

An Integrated Development Environment for Satellite Operations Definition Language Rachana M C Sajiv Kumar   Abstract— The satellite system has to be maintained in proper operations conditions f ...

Image Analysis and Classification Using Deep Learning

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

Table of Contents Gradient-based Optimisation (Partial) Derivatives The Gradient Mini-batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (Mini-batch SGD) Backpropagati ...

Image Based Steganography Using Lsb Insertion Technique Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The Data transmitted comes in many forms and it is used for more than one application. Communications should be done secretly. Secret communication varies from level of security needed such as banks , ...

Image Deblurring with Sparse Representation

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

AN APPROACH FOR IMAGE DEBLURRING: BASED ON SPARSE REPRESENTATION AND REGULARIZED FILTER Abstract–Deblurring of the image is most the fundamental problem in image restoration. The existing meth ...

Image processing Techniques to Forecast Plant Disease

Example essay. Published: 26th Mar 2018

A Synopsis on A Feasibility Study on The Prediction/Forecasting of Disease for Plant Leaf Using Image processing Techniques by Chaitali Pandya  INDEX PAGE (JUMP TO) Introduction Scope of the propose ...

Image Quality Assessment Techniques Using Gabor Filters

Example essay. Published: 19th Apr 2018

A SURVEY ON IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES USING GABOR FILTERS Deepa Maria Thomas, S. John Livingson   (DEEPA MARIA THOMAS, ROOM NO 303, DMR RESIDENCE, KARUNYA LADIES HOSTEL, KARUNYA UNIVERSI ...

Image Super-Resolver using Cascaded Linear Regression

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

Abstract– A number of existing super-resolution algorithms fail in modeling the relationship between high and low resolution image patches and time complexity in training the model. To overcome ...

Image To Voice Converter Is Software Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Image to Voice converter is software or a device to recognize an image and convert it into human voice. The purpose of the conversion is to provide communication aid for blind people to sense what the ...

Impact of Computer Technology on Modern Society and Culture

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2018

Establishing the Foundations of Modern Computer Systems In 1812, mathematics professor Charles Babbage laid the foundations of modern computing when he recognised the relation between machines and ma ...

Impact of Internet Usage on the Academic Performance

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

INTRODUCTION Problem Statement: The impact of internet usage on the academic performance of adolescent students at St. Stephens College . Statement of Problem: The study investigates how students of ...

Implement an Information System for SMARTS

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

1 – Introduction Purpose of Document The purpose of this document is the outline the specification to implement an Information System for SMARTS. This document details the process of moving ...

Implementation Factor Affecting E-governance in Uttarakhan

Example essay. Published: 3rd Apr 2018

Jitender Kumar Sehgal, Dr. Priti Dimri, Krishna Nand Rastogi   Abstract e-Governance is the utilization of Internet and the world wide web for delivering government Information and services to th ...

Implementation Of Clustering Algorithm K Mean K Medoid Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Data Mining is a fairly recent and contemporary topic in computing. However, Data Mining applies many older computational techniques from statistics, machine learning and pattern recognition. This pap ...

Implementation Of Parallel Image Processing Using Nvidia Gpu Framework Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

We introduced a real time Image Processing technique using modern programmable Graphic Processing Units in this paper. GPU is a SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) device that is inherently data- ...

Implementation Of Steganography For Audio File Format Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Abstract The project entitled Audio Steganography is the application developed to embed an audio file in another audio signal. It is concerned with embedding information in an innocuous cover Speech i ...

Implementation of the data gloves in various fields

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction This project is all about interfaces that are going to control the synthesiser called Midi. This project is useful in the real world in controlling visual effects in the present world. Th ...

Implementation of User-Pairing Algorithm for OFDMA

Example essay. Published: 24th Jul 2018

  Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Literature Survey Problem Formulation References CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Introduction Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is an encour ...

Implementing a Client-to-client Communication System

Example essay. Published: 29th Aug 2017

Abstract Due to people, behaviour over the social networking and peer-peer needs for the online chatting and sharing the information, file etc…, Chat Applications had acquired great importance ...

Implementing a Cloud-based Collaborative Solution

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

As an organization grows, it’ll come to a point where it must contemplate whether or not a cloud-based solution will meet their needs and attain the required level of support needed to help ...

Implementing a Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Example essay. Published: 23rd Sep 2019

Considerations When Coming Up with A DBMS Introduction Data is basically a raw material from which information is acquired. In any business set up, data is a valuable asset tha ...

Implementing an Electronic Health Record System

Example essay. Published: 27th Sep 2017

Implementing Electronic Health Record System Based on HL7 RIM -Reusing the RIM Model Archetypes Nancy Mittal Abstract: It is difficult to exchange healthcare information between different HealthCare ...

Implementing Graphic Equalizer Using Dsk Tms320c6713 Processor Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

In this paper, the Equalizer is implemented as the summation of four band pass filters with different frequencies as a graphic Equalizer. The co-efficient file ‘Equalizer.Cof’ contains the ...

Implications of cctv surveillance in society

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Implications of CCTV Surveillance in Society Introduction Surveillance as equated in the Oxford Dictionary; “Supervision, close observation, [and] invigilation of individuals who are not trusted ...

Importance of Database Security

Example essay. Published: 21st Jul 2017

To be able to manage a huge amount of data effectively and fast, a well organized system is needed to build. It will also need to store and retrieve data easily. Generally, a database system is design ...

Importance of Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science

Example essay. Published: 27th Sep 2017

Computer science is the study of problems, problem solving and the solutions that come out of the problem solving process, B. Miller and D. Ranum (2013). A computer scientist goal is to develop an al ...

Importance Of IP Addresses

Example essay. Published: 10th May 2017

Each device that participates in networking activities must have a unique IP address. Network services that use TCP/IP identify other network hosts by using IP addresses. The IP address provides the e ...

Importance Of Java To The Internet Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

At the beginning Java was known as “oak” but it was renamed as Java in 1995. The main aim of this language was to provide platform independent language that could be used to create softwar ...

Importance of Using the ACARS System

Example essay. Published: 18th Aug 2017

Abbreviations ACARS: Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System ADS-B: Automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast CMU: Communication Management Unit CDU: Control Display Unit FM ...

Important Characteristics Of The Wigig Technology Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Wireless Gigabit is an up-and-coming technology expected to enable wireless connectivity of up to 7Gbps in data, display and audio applications. The organization sponsoring this technology is the Wire ...

Improvement of 32X32 Playfair Cipher using Random Number Generator

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the modification of Playfair cipher. The existing strategies of Playfair cipher are studied like those enforced on ...

Improving Effectiveness and Efficiency of Sentiment Analysis

Example essay. Published: 9th Apr 2018

Modha Jalaj S. Chapter – 1 1. Introduction: Big Data has been created lot of buzz in Information Technology word. Big Data contain large amount of data from various sources like Social Media, News ...

Improving Performance of MANET under DSR Protocol

Example essay. Published: 12th Mar 2018

Improving Performance of MANET under DSR Protocol using Swarm Optimization to avoid redundancy CHAPTER 5 Implementation and Testing The implementation phase of any project development is the most imp ...

Improving Resource Allocation for Data Center Overbooking

Example essay. Published: 5th Apr 2018

Overbooking becomes feasible because user applications tend to overestimate their resources and requirements, that tends to utilize only a fraction of the allocated resources. Overbooking has to be carefully planned in order not to impact application performance. Resource utilization and Data centres utilization can be used in this overbooking scheduler. Data send can send from sources to destination via node. ...

Improving Structure and Links for User Navigation Session

Example essay. Published: 9th Apr 2018

Improving Structure and Links for Analysis of User Navigation Sessions Bhagyashri Biranje, Priti Harpale, Dushyant Singh, Meenal Jadhav, Sindhu M.R.   ABSTRACT In this paper, we are designing a wel ...

Improving the Efficiency of Semantic Based Search

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2018

An Effective Approach to Improve the Efficiency of Semantic Based Search Merlin Ann Roy   ABSTRACT: The incredible progress in the size of data and with the great growth of amount of web pages, ou ...

Improving the Performance of Overbooking

Example essay. Published: 18th Apr 2018

Improving the Performance of Overbooking by Application Collocate Using Affinity Function ABSTRACT: One of the main features provided by clouds is elasticity, which allows users to dynamically adjust ...

Improving the Software Development Process Using Testability Tactics

Example essay. Published: 23rd Sep 2019

Improving the Software Development Process Using Testability Tactics Abstract: Need and building stable software application is becoming more and more important considering th ...

Improving WPA and WPA2

Example essay. Published: 12th Mar 2018

Introduction: WPA is an acronym for “Wi-Fi Protected Access”. It was designed and developed by Wi-Fi alliance as a reponse to the weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the previous wireless security ...

Increased Alienation and Loneliness from Social Media Overuse

Example essay. Published: 16th Nov 2021

The adverse effects of computing technology, specifically social media platforms, and the increased risk of loneliness from overuse. ...

Increasing Time Efficiency of Insertion Sort

Example essay. Published: 4th Apr 2018

Increasing Time Efficiency of Insertion Sort for the Worst Case Scenario Surabhi Patel, Moirangthem Dennis Singh   Abstract. Insertion sort gives us a time complexity of O(n) for the best case. In ...

Increasing Visual Comfort with Blue Light in Video

Example essay. Published: 29th Aug 2017

Adjusting the blue light of the video to increase the visual comfort belong to the changed of light environment Abstract: This paper is an approached method adjusting the blue light of the video to ...

Indoor Positioning System Using Wifi Signal Strength Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Location determination is considered as vital element for producing valuable and inventive location base services. Such services not only increase the network performance but also efficiently improve ...

Industrial Robot Programming: ABB IRB 1200

Example essay. Published: 23rd Sep 2019

Title: ABB ROBOTSTUDIO INTRODUCTION The ABB IRB 1200 is an example of a 6 Degree of Freedom industrial manipulator or industrial robot. Industrial robots are robots ...

Informatics Research Review: A Review of Neural Network Based Image Captioning

Example essay. Published: 8th Feb 2020

Abstract This paper provides a survey of image captioning techniques, with a specific focus on encoder-decoder frameworks. We show promising directions of research, such as the use of se ...

Information Security Management Plan

Example essay. Published: 5th Apr 2018

Cyber security is about protecting your computer-based equipment and information from unintended or unauthorised access, change, theft or destruction HM Governement (2015), you can manage the risks b ...

Infrastructure of Cloud Networks

Example essay. Published: 23rd Sep 2019

Cloud Networks ABSTRACT Networking Technology is evolving at fast pace from simple internet connections to present day ubiquitous computing. Today, networks have developed t ...

Injury Prevention Using Sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) for Javelin Athletes

Example essay. Published: 18th May 2020

 A Novel Approach to Injury Prevention Using Sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) for Javelin Athletes Abstract: The main idea of this dissertation was to understand ...

Innovative Polygram Substitution Cipher Method Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Abstract: Information security has become an important aspect of computing systems. In this internet driven world, virtually every computer is connected to every other computer. We use computers for e ...

Input And Output Devices Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The computer will be of no use unless it is able to communicate with the outside world. Input and Output devices are required for users to communicate with the computer. In simple terms, input devices ...

Input and Output Devices in Computer

Example essay. Published: 27th Mar 2018

Name: THENG WEI JUN   Question 1 A computer receives incoming data, processes them and produces an output. Hence, in a typical computer, there is An input device i.e, a key board A Central Proces ...

Input Output And Storage Devices Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

To interact with a computer we use external devices called input-output or peripheral devices, this is the way a computer has to receive and give information to the user, and without it a computer is ...

Installation And Configuration Of Honeyd Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

As an Open Source solution honeyd does not offer any support or Graphical User Interface for installation or configuration. The source code should be downloaded on the honeyd host, get compiled and th ...

Installation Of Windows 7 Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

It choosing an operating system operating system, one must not only consider the features of his/her PC personal computer but also the compatibility of that PC with the OS of his/her choice. Windows 7 ...

Instant Messaging Mobile Apps Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

Mobile Instant messaging is the technology that allows instant messaging services to be accessed from a portable device, ranging from standard mobile phones to smartphones. It is done two ways [1]: Em ...

Instructions for OpenStack

Example essay. Published: 11th Aug 2017

OpenStack is an arrangement of free and open-source software tools that is utilized for controlling substantial pool of compute, storage and networking resources managed through a datacenter which i ...

Intelligent Public Transport System Design

Example essay. Published: 19th Apr 2018

An Intelligent Public Transport System for Smart City Gurnoor Walia, Kuljit Kaur   Abstract — Road safety has changed into a main subject for governments and automobile manufacturers in the ...

IntelliP: Effective Mechanism for Resource Monitoring

Example essay. Published: 12th Mar 2018

IntelliP: Effective Mechanism for Resource Monitoring in Private Cloud Vivekanand Adam   Abstract—Cloud computing paradigm makes huge virtualized compute resources available to users as pay-as-y ...

Internal System Unit Components Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

The processor or the CPU Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer. The processor carries out the instructions in a program and controls all the work in the computer. Each of the separate c ...

Interrupts In Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

To successfully control several processes the core of operating system makes utilize of what is known as interrupt. Interrupt is a machine used for implementing the multitasking concept. It is a signa ...

Introduction of Computer Virus

Example essay. Published: 9th May 2017

Computer Virus is a program that copies itself, Computer virus can infect your computer and slowing down your computer. And virus also can spreads computer to computer. The person who sends out the computer virus may use networking of the internet. ...

Introduction To Computer Components Computer Science Essay

Example essay. Published: 1st Jan 2015

A keyboard is a computer hardware input device. keyboard is similar to the mechanical typewriter design, if we compare to keyboard with other computer hardware it is technological advance.New ergonomi ...

Introduction to Meta Tags

Example essay. Published: 10th Aug 2017

Meta tags are small bits of text that will describe the page content; the tags do not appear on the web page itself, but only in the page code. They help search engines to determine what a web page ...