Studies on the Production of Fruits in India

Fruit

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

Afghanistan

794,600

816,730

645,870

706,224

847,900

Albania

118,400

151,400

167,782

141,489

370,192

Algeria

1,995,071

1,201,968

978,664

1,428,102

3,535,544

American Samoa

3,850

1,642

1,463

1,982

1,440

Angola

430,000

427,000

405,000

447,000

608,100

Antigua and Barbuda

6,749

8,540

8,511

9,518

8,570

Argentina

5,217,423

6,353,140

5,881,204

7,174,114

7,445,843

Armenia

..

..

..

244,352

351,405

Australia

2,114,328

2,168,155

2,384,181

3,084,329

3,312,766

Austria

1,096,963

1,082,399

964,144

1,091,955

734,800

Azerbaijan

..

..

..

553,959

891,021

Bahamas

9,175

12,409

11,077

26,312

37,000

Bahrain

17,580

42,000

10,150

21,465

22,090

Bangladesh

1,407,439

1,304,358

1,332,490

1,361,000

3,954,957

Barbados

2,490

2,610

2,850

2,560

4,090

Belarus

..

..

..

299,100

790,071

Belgium

..

..

..

786,210

571,630

Belize

35,405

83,428

141,662

381,421

376,790

Benin

121,300

142,300

180,662

163,023

398,700

Bermuda

565

500

300

336

370

Bhutan

23,350

29,450

64,535

64,710

60,900

Bolivia

469,540

555,635

783,195

999,658

944,470

Bosnia and Herzegovina

..

..

..

80,273

321,265

Botswana

6,318

9,150

11,545

10,600

5,920

Brazil

11,465,728

19,473,797

29,823,592

36,986,742

39,286,781

British Virgin Islands

309

550

180

440

520

Brunei Darussalam

3,445

4,810

5,024

6,133

7,535

Bulgaria

2,300,776

1,897,597

1,649,569

739,549

396,332

Burkina Faso

41,600

55,200

69,831

90,954

96,450

Burundi

1,247,000

1,168,000

1,633,000

1,598,146

238,464

Cambodia

270,050

122,340

239,050

321,700

355,900

Cameroon

983,457

1,713,340

1,756,896

1,994,151

3,878,820

Canada

628,394

795,589

772,777

823,210

668,968

Cape Verde

13,824

12,600

14,615

16,778

20,800

Cayman Islands

516

583

314

558

325

Central African Republic

129,820

168,800

201,900

259,399

274,550

Chad

83,000

92,000

106,423

98,068

117,500

Chile

1,061,240

1,633,588

2,638,980

3,890,170

5,673,600

China

4,973,710

8,416,030

20,952,155

64,503,111

122,184,944

Colombia

2,761,100

3,897,150

4,676,996

6,851,039

7,989,940

Comoros

28,000

35,600

51,132

62,615

47,800

Congo

68,700

113,070

135,844

222,622

263,800

Congo, DR

2,134,500

2,627,600

3,450,844

2,426,781

2,540,724

Cook Islands

15,850

12,525

4,782

3,677

1,526

Costa Rica

1,299,210

1,337,764

2,410,266

3,810,786

4,620,366

Croatia

..

..

..

540,881

458,235

Cuba

306,012

853,467

1,535,526

2,251,114

1,794,869

Cyprus

432,319

344,802

393,246

282,984

185,661

Czech Republic

..

..

..

562,195

181,221

Côte d’Ivoire

1,001,352

1,464,548

1,569,720

2,347,117

2,187,000

Denmark

163,961

146,608

102,268

54,840

68,500

Djibouti

0

0

1,956

3,457

3,185

Dominica

63,100

35,760

96,771

69,805

53,830

Dominican Republic

1,169,659

1,340,100

1,599,980

1,032,324

2,196,055

Ecuador

3,781,542

3,966,510

4,524,825

7,670,506

9,292,075

Egypt

1,450,330

2,284,135

4,617,539

6,966,124

9,581,146

El Salvador

194,450

251,282

291,084

302,098

439,319

Equatorial Guinea

13,500

10,500

40,600

51,039

69,200

Eritrea

..

..

..

3,800

4,400

Estonia

..

..

..

26,538

5,071

Ethiopia

..

..

..

703,202

683,500

Fiji

8,612

10,685

12,846

18,006

18,628

Finland

62,700

104,000

21,092

18,661

16,793

France

17,040,995

14,601,267

11,942,965

11,265,355

8,691,815

French Guiana

4,540

2,021

6,763

15,707

17,610

French Polynesia

2,544

3,171

7,741

9,728

15,483

Gabon

123,300

190,900

240,001

294,226

324,710

Gambia

3,000

3,500

3,517

5,607

8,600

Georgia

..

..

..

471,917

260,000

Germany

5,367,781

4,750,807

4,854,934

5,290,538

2,200,529

Ghana

1,034,097

978,300

923,900

2,391,420

4,363,630

Greece

3,003,094

3,519,917

3,922,607

4,151,486

3,230,090

Grenada

34,255

27,518

25,811

16,631

14,600

Guadeloupe

132,280

88,577

116,416

142,661

87,390

Guam

747

1,089

1,873

2,380

3,220

Guatemala

659,100

753,791

1,150,517

1,973,393

3,951,700

Guinea

545,000

673,100

855,803

997,310

1,218,700

Guinea-Bissau

36,700

46,750

61,403

79,888

87,050

Guyana

42,167

32,710

50,249

73,963

33,615

Haiti

799,800

1,003,600

1,016,171

1,005,481

976,660

Honduras

1,499,923

1,646,227

1,388,235

783,281

1,357,185

Hungary

2,030,432

2,531,215

2,306,901

1,726,674

1,124,272

Iceland

13

10

11

17

30

India

15,786,680

20,357,397

27,717,104

43,000,880

84,791,100

Indonesia

3,576,000

4,268,214

5,973,043

8,412,930

14,867,762

Iran

1,784,725

3,144,125

7,163,554

12,287,684

12,126,041

Iraq

542,880

1,155,020

1,523,030

1,739,200

1,094,014

Ireland

32,500

23,200

23,000

26,334

48,170

Israel

1,548,475

1,926,160

2,002,746

1,263,269

1,278,486

Italy

19,349,138

21,429,443

17,112,381

17,989,619

16,907,895

Jamaica

396,869

332,255

360,046

425,044

363,608

Japan

5,552,900

6,227,900

4,905,691

3,820,890

2,898,550

Jordan

61,370

86,155

255,408

238,727

279,918

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

263,490

222,110

Kenya

534,110

1,126,610

1,303,636

2,148,118

2,933,336

Kiribati

3,370

4,530

5,000

5,649

9,400

Korea, North

218,000

848,000

1,305,000

1,333,157

1,559,200

Korea, South

429,259

933,406

1,917,459

2,625,572

2,733,554

Kuwait

470

1,113

1,933

11,250

18,353

Kyrgyzstan

..

..

..

188,139

197,601

Laos

75,650

90,300

128,500

192,967

238,200

Latvia

..

..

..

53,992

14,608

Lebanon

561,776

721,100

1,185,000

845,600

976,290

Lesotho

14,000

15,000

17,709

14,500

14,700

Liberia

98,020

120,200

106,779

170,662

208,700

Libya

82,132

179,145

311,644

314,710

386,050

Liechtenstein

120

70

130

156

180

Lithuania

..

..

..

112,500

47,719

Luxembourg

..

..

..

33,632

26,652

Macedonia

..

..

..

407,811

452,643

Madagascar

623,775

733,033

796,700

890,600

941,460

Malawi

260,000

374,950

481,428

755,498

1,032,600

Malaysia

865,300

938,073

1,108,638

1,210,733

1,144,862

Maldives

6,050

7,900

6,350

9,560

10,051

Mali

98,100

124,800

155,060

251,993

814,100

Malta

11,871

10,563

13,729

6,457

10,085

Martinique

184,928

116,929

284,295

355,478

208,860

Mauritania

17,300

15,200

12,087

24,900

23,000

Mauritius

8,948

3,583

8,370

13,076

21,285

Mexico

4,478,970

7,617,469

9,371,183

13,306,460

15,255,598

Micronesia, FM

..

..

..

3,088

3,830

Moldova

..

..

..

953,163

792,435

Mongolia

2,250

3,200

400

255

578

Montenegro

..

..

..

..

74,338

Montserrat

1,129

800

629

880

830

Morocco

1,466,620

1,670,800

2,008,842

2,680,770

3,292,411

Mozambique

304,470

322,500

381,400

290,768

368,810

Myanmar

707,502

806,590

950,342

1,416,000

2,135,100

Namibia

6,500

8,000

9,839

16,413

42,225

Nauru

140

200

255

336

340

Nepal

112,000

135,000

413,310

844,633

1,276,791

Netherlands

678,466

618,730

561,700

710,936

671,390

New Caledonia

9,000

11,634

2,576

3,723

3,733

New Zealand

241,574

356,774

Studies on the production of fruits in India with special reference to Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

Fruits provide desirable health benefits besides nutrition due to presence of various essential vitamins and minerals. Many important antioxidants are present in fruits that help the body to constantly clean up the toxic wastes. They boost the immunity and provide resistance against various ailments and certain chronic diseases. They have cracking potential to increase the economic impact of the state, country at local, national and international level. India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world with production of 81.29 million metric tonnes from an area of 6.98 million hectares for the year 2012-13. Jammu and Kashmir, the northern most state of India have different environmental and topographical conditions than rest of the country, produces many horticultural products. It is the largest producer of apples in India, 77% of apple production in India belongs to Jammu and Kashmir. After harvest considerable losses occur due to ignorance, method of storage, postharvest handling and absence of postharvest processing. Awareness about nutritional, environment and economic valves, improved cultivation, use of appropriate postharvest handling strategies are important to minimize the losses.

Keywords: antioxidant, area, production, postharvest, horticulture

Introduction

Nutritional importance of fruits

Fruits contain a number of essential minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers and play essential role in human nutrition especially as a source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B₁), niacin (vitamin B₃), pyridoxine (vitamin B₆), folacin (vitamin B₉), tocopherol (vitamin E), riboflavin (vitamin A), calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, potassium (Wargovich, 2000). There contribution is estimated at 91% of vitamin C, 48% of thiamine, 30% of folacin, 27% of pyridoxine, 17% of vitamin B_1, 15% of vitamin B₃, 19% of Iron, 16% of magnesium, 9% of calories (Quebedeaux and Elis, 1990; Kader, 2001).

Fruits and vegetables in human diet are strongly associated with the reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’ disease, cataracts, strokes and other chronic diseases (Prior and Cao, 2000; Southon, 2000; Liu, 2003). Some components of fruits and vegetables are strong antioxidants and function in metabolic activation and detoxification of various carcinogens (Kader, 2001).

Economic importance of fruits

India comprises several agro-ecological regions with diverse soil and climate types, which provide an ample opportunity to grow variety of crops. A considerable degree of crop diversification has been experienced since the green revolution. The change in cropping pattern is towards the horticultural and commercial crops (Mittal, 2007). Horticultural crops form significant part of total agricultural production of the country and are key drivers of economic development. In India 65-70% of the population earns their livelihood through agriculture (Economic survey, 2007-08). Fruits contribute around 31% of horticultural production (Vedamurthy and Pandey, 2010). The increase in domestic and international demand for fruits in increasing day by day thereby increasing the economic importance of fruits. Contribution of horticultural crops towards agricultural GDP was about 29.5% for the year 2007-08 (Economic survey, 2007-08).

Fruit Production in India

India is the world’s second largest producer of fruits after Brazil that contributes 11.80% of the total world’s fruit production with a production of 68.46 million tonnes from an area of 6.10 million hectares annually (Kumar and Singh, 2010). In India the major fruit producing states are Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Gujarat, Punjab, Orissa and Utter Pradesh

Factors leading to decrease in fruit production

The major losses of fruits are estimated at 35-40% due to improper post harvest management that is about 40,000 crores per year. It so causes the wastage of energy, labour and inputs involved in horticultural production (Nayak and Mukhopadhyay, 2008). So there is a strong need for the post harvest management of these perishable fruits. Post harvest management strategies are applied to the horticultural produce after harvest to increase their shelf life during storage, processing, packaging and marketing to meet the nutritional requirements of the people.

Majors that can be taken to overcome the losses

Table 1: World fruit production in metric tonnes

Fruit	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010
Afghanistan	794,600	816,730	645,870	706,224	847,900
Albania	118,400	151,400	167,782	141,489	370,192
Algeria	1,995,071	1,201,968	978,664	1,428,102	3,535,544
American Samoa	3,850	1,642	1,463	1,982	1,440
Angola	430,000	427,000	405,000	447,000	608,100
Antigua and Barbuda	6,749	8,540	8,511	9,518	8,570
Argentina	5,217,423	6,353,140	5,881,204	7,174,114	7,445,843
Armenia	..	..	..	244,352	351,405
Australia	2,114,328	2,168,155	2,384,181	3,084,329	3,312,766
Austria	1,096,963	1,082,399	964,144	1,091,955	734,800
Azerbaijan	..	..	..	553,959	891,021
Bahamas	9,175	12,409	11,077	26,312	37,000
Bahrain	17,580	42,000	10,150	21,465	22,090
Bangladesh	1,407,439	1,304,358	1,332,490	1,361,000	3,954,957
Barbados	2,490	2,610	2,850	2,560	4,090
Belarus	..	..	..	299,100	790,071
Belgium	..	..	..	786,210	571,630
Belize	35,405	83,428	141,662	381,421	376,790
Benin	121,300	142,300	180,662	163,023	398,700
Bermuda	565	500	300	336	370
Bhutan	23,350	29,450	64,535	64,710	60,900
Bolivia	469,540	555,635	783,195	999,658	944,470
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	80,273	321,265
Botswana	6,318	9,150	11,545	10,600	5,920
Brazil	11,465,728	19,473,797	29,823,592	36,986,742	39,286,781
British Virgin Islands	309	550	180	440	520
Brunei Darussalam	3,445	4,810	5,024	6,133	7,535
Bulgaria	2,300,776	1,897,597	1,649,569	739,549	396,332
Burkina Faso	41,600	55,200	69,831	90,954	96,450
Burundi	1,247,000	1,168,000	1,633,000	1,598,146	238,464
Cambodia	270,050	122,340	239,050	321,700	355,900
Cameroon	983,457	1,713,340	1,756,896	1,994,151	3,878,820
Canada	628,394	795,589	772,777	823,210	668,968
Cape Verde	13,824	12,600	14,615	16,778	20,800
Cayman Islands	516	583	314	558	325
Central African Republic	129,820	168,800	201,900	259,399	274,550
Chad	83,000	92,000	106,423	98,068	117,500
Chile	1,061,240	1,633,588	2,638,980	3,890,170	5,673,600
China	4,973,710	8,416,030	20,952,155	64,503,111	122,184,944
Colombia	2,761,100	3,897,150	4,676,996	6,851,039	7,989,940
Comoros	28,000	35,600	51,132	62,615	47,800
Congo	68,700	113,070	135,844	222,622	263,800
Congo, DR	2,134,500	2,627,600	3,450,844	2,426,781	2,540,724
Cook Islands	15,850	12,525	4,782	3,677	1,526
Costa Rica	1,299,210	1,337,764	2,410,266	3,810,786	4,620,366
Croatia	..	..	..	540,881	458,235
Cuba	306,012	853,467	1,535,526	2,251,114	1,794,869
Cyprus	432,319	344,802	393,246	282,984	185,661
Czech Republic	..	..	..	562,195	181,221
Côte d’Ivoire	1,001,352	1,464,548	1,569,720	2,347,117	2,187,000
Denmark	163,961	146,608	102,268	54,840	68,500
Djibouti	0	0	1,956	3,457	3,185
Dominica	63,100	35,760	96,771	69,805	53,830
Dominican Republic	1,169,659	1,340,100	1,599,980	1,032,324	2,196,055
Ecuador	3,781,542	3,966,510	4,524,825	7,670,506	9,292,075
Egypt	1,450,330	2,284,135	4,617,539	6,966,124	9,581,146
El Salvador	194,450	251,282	291,084	302,098	439,319
Equatorial Guinea	13,500	10,500	40,600	51,039	69,200
Eritrea	..	..	..	3,800	4,400
Estonia	..	..	..	26,538	5,071
Ethiopia	..	..	..	703,202	683,500
Fiji	8,612	10,685	12,846	18,006	18,628
Finland	62,700	104,000	21,092	18,661	16,793
France	17,040,995	14,601,267	11,942,965	11,265,355	8,691,815
French Guiana	4,540	2,021	6,763	15,707	17,610
French Polynesia	2,544	3,171	7,741	9,728	15,483
Gabon	123,300	190,900	240,001	294,226	324,710
Gambia	3,000	3,500	3,517	5,607	8,600
Georgia	..	..	..	471,917	260,000
Germany	5,367,781	4,750,807	4,854,934	5,290,538	2,200,529
Ghana	1,034,097	978,300	923,900	2,391,420	4,363,630
Greece	3,003,094	3,519,917	3,922,607	4,151,486	3,230,090
Grenada	34,255	27,518	25,811	16,631	14,600
Guadeloupe	132,280	88,577	116,416	142,661	87,390
Guam	747	1,089	1,873	2,380	3,220
Guatemala	659,100	753,791	1,150,517	1,973,393	3,951,700
Guinea	545,000	673,100	855,803	997,310	1,218,700
Guinea-Bissau	36,700	46,750	61,403	79,888	87,050
Guyana	42,167	32,710	50,249	73,963	33,615
Haiti	799,800	1,003,600	1,016,171	1,005,481	976,660
Honduras	1,499,923	1,646,227	1,388,235	783,281	1,357,185
Hungary	2,030,432	2,531,215	2,306,901	1,726,674	1,124,272
Iceland	13	10	11	17	30
India	15,786,680	20,357,397	27,717,104	43,000,880	84,791,100
Indonesia	3,576,000	4,268,214	5,973,043	8,412,930	14,867,762
Iran	1,784,725	3,144,125	7,163,554	12,287,684	12,126,041
Iraq	542,880	1,155,020	1,523,030	1,739,200	1,094,014
Ireland	32,500	23,200	23,000	26,334	48,170
Israel	1,548,475	1,926,160	2,002,746	1,263,269	1,278,486
Italy	19,349,138	21,429,443	17,112,381	17,989,619	16,907,895
Jamaica	396,869	332,255	360,046	425,044	363,608
Japan	5,552,900	6,227,900	4,905,691	3,820,890	2,898,550
Jordan	61,370	86,155	255,408	238,727	279,918
Kazakhstan	..	..	..	263,490	222,110
Kenya	534,110	1,126,610	1,303,636	2,148,118	2,933,336
Kiribati	3,370	4,530	5,000	5,649	9,400
Korea, North	218,000	848,000	1,305,000	1,333,157	1,559,200
Korea, South	429,259	933,406	1,917,459	2,625,572	2,733,554
Kuwait	470	1,113	1,933	11,250	18,353
Kyrgyzstan	..	..	..	188,139	197,601
Laos	75,650	90,300	128,500	192,967	238,200
Latvia	..	..	..	53,992	14,608
Lebanon	561,776	721,100	1,185,000	845,600	976,290
Lesotho	14,000	15,000	17,709	14,500	14,700
Liberia	98,020	120,200	106,779	170,662	208,700
Libya	82,132	179,145	311,644	314,710	386,050
Liechtenstein	120	70	130	156	180
Lithuania	..	..	..	112,500	47,719
Luxembourg	..	..	..	33,632	26,652
Macedonia	..	..	..	407,811	452,643
Madagascar	623,775	733,033	796,700	890,600	941,460
Malawi	260,000	374,950	481,428	755,498	1,032,600
Malaysia	865,300	938,073	1,108,638	1,210,733	1,144,862
Maldives	6,050	7,900	6,350	9,560	10,051
Mali	98,100	124,800	155,060	251,993	814,100
Malta	11,871	10,563	13,729	6,457	10,085
Martinique	184,928	116,929	284,295	355,478	208,860
Mauritania	17,300	15,200	12,087	24,900	23,000
Mauritius	8,948	3,583	8,370	13,076	21,285
Mexico	4,478,970	7,617,469	9,371,183	13,306,460	15,255,598
Micronesia, FM	..	..	..	3,088	3,830
Moldova	..	..	..	953,163	792,435
Mongolia	2,250	3,200	400	255	578
Montenegro	..	..	..	..	74,338
Montserrat	1,129	800	629	880	830
Morocco	1,466,620	1,670,800	2,008,842	2,680,770	3,292,411
Mozambique	304,470	322,500	381,400	290,768	368,810
Myanmar	707,502	806,590	950,342	1,416,000	2,135,100
Namibia	6,500	8,000	9,839	16,413	42,225
Nauru	140	200	255	336	340
Nepal	112,000	135,000	413,310	844,633	1,276,791
Netherlands	678,466	618,730	561,700	710,936	671,390
New Caledonia	9,000	11,634	2,576	3,723	3,733
New Zealand	241,574	356,774 Share this: Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp   Cite This Work To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: APA MLA MLA-7 Harvard Vancouver Wikipedia OSCOLA UKEssays. (November 2018). Studies on the Production of Fruits in India. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1 Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. "Studies on the Production of Fruits in India." ukessays.com. 11 2018. UKEssays. 09 2020 <https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1>. Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. "Studies on the Production of Fruits in India." UKEssays. ukessays.com, November 2018. Web. 27 September 2020. <https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1>. Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. UKEssays. November 2018. Studies on the Production of Fruits in India. [online]. Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1 [Accessed 27 September 2020]. Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. UKEssays. Studies on the Production of Fruits in India [Internet]. November 2018. [Accessed 27 September 2020]; Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1. Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. <ref>{{cite web|last=Answers |first=All |url=https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1 |title=Studies on the Production of Fruits in India |publisher=UKEssays.com |date=November 2018 |accessdate=27 September 2020 |location=Nottingham, UK}}</ref> Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. All Answers ltd, 'Studies on the Production of Fruits in India' (businessteacher.org, September 2020) <https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/studies-production-fruits-india-7497.php?vref=1> accessed 27 September 2020 Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. Related Services View all Essay Writing Service From £124 Dissertation Writing Service From £124 Assignment Writing Service From £124 DMCA / Removal Request If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the UKDiss.com website then please: Request the removal of this essay Related Services Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Find out more about our Essay Writing Service Dissertation Writing Service Assignment Writing Service Marking Service Samples of our Service Full Service Portfolio Related Lectures Study for free with our range of university lectures! All Available Lectures Freelance Writing Jobs Looking for a flexible role? Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Apply Today! Study Resources Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Dissertation Resources at UKDiss.com How to Write an Essay Essay Buyers Guide Referencing Tools Essay Writing Guides Masters Writing Guides Search Support Articles *You can also browse our support articles here > Close