Civil Service Government
Federal Government Hiring Process for Jobs in the Competitive Civil Service
INTRODUCTION
Federal government is defined as a form of government where power is divided between a central government and independent regional government. In the United States federal government, the authority is divided into legislative, executive, and judiciary.
Civil service is a governmental service in which individuals are hired based on merits taken through competitive written exam.
In the Federal Government of United Stated they offer two types of civil service: the competitive civil service and the excepted civil service.
Competitive civil service is rendered by the United States federal government to give opportunities to the civilians to work in the government. It is stated in the US Code Title 5 § 2102 that competitive service “consists of all civil service positions in the executive branch except: (1) positions which are specifically excempted from the competitive service by or under statue, (2) positions to which appointments are made by nomination for confirmation by the United States Senate unless the senate otherwise dirests, and (3) positions in the Seniors Excecutive Service”. However, some civilians find the process of application of competitive civil service as laborious.
In competitive civil service, applicants compete with their co-applicants in an open competition often in terms of written examination. Competitive service jobs are supervised by the Office of Personal Management and are subjected to the civil service laws passed by the Congress which ensures fair and equal treatment to all applicants and employers during the hiring process. All applicants that meet the qualification requirements for the position will receive an appointment.
HISTORY OF CIVIL SERVICE
During the Oin Dynasty (221-207 BC), civil service was based on meritocracy in the Imperial bureaucracy of China wherein individual are given power depending on their abilities and talents. The xiaolian system is used during the Han dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) where superiors appoint individuals to office based on skills which is considered as the merits. This is usually done in selecting officials in the military.
The Imperial bureaucracy of China shifted to semi-merit system known as the Nine-rank system during the fall of the Han dynasty. The Nine-rank system is nominations of individuals by the higher authority based on skills but in practice, those who are rich and powerful are those that are put in office. However, the system was changed by the civil service bureaucracy by recruiting through written examinations and recommendations during the Sui dynasty (581-618). The same system was adopted in selecting officials during the Tang dynasty but this was practices in a smaller scale compared to the centralized bureaucracy of the Song dynasty (960-1279).
In the mid-18th century, the Chinese civil service became known to Europe but the first European service was first established in India by the East India Company which distinguished civil servants from military servants. Promotions were based from examinations to prevent corruption and apply fairness. In 1854, the system was used in United Kingdom and in 1883, it was used in the United States with the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act where federal workers were employed based on a merit system.
Federal Government Employment
The Federal Government is established for public service. It is responsible to secure the state from foreign attacks, to represent the states' interest abroad, and to enforce laws and regulations. The nation's single largest employer is the Federal government which employs about 1.8 million civilian workers in 2007.
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