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Software Process Development

REPORT OF A REVIEW OF SOFTWARE PROCESS MODELS AND APPLICATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB-BASED FAN CLUB

APPLICATION

MSc. Advanced Information Technology

INTRODUCTION

This report comprises a research into software process models, description of three of such models in terms of their origin, application, advantages and disadvantages and finally, the application of an appropriate one of these models for the development of a web-based fan club application for a pop artiste, Usher

SOFTWARE PROCESS MODELS

Despite the fact that ‘the software crisis' has been recognised for nearly 40 years, much software development can still be characterised as a chaotic cycle of ‘code and fix'. This can work fairly well understood. However, as the system grows, adding or changing functionality becomes difficult, bugs becomes harder to identify and fix, and schedule becomes more and more difficult to manage.

System development methodologies impose a disciplined process upon software systems development, with the aim of making it more predictable and more efficient. They do this by structuring the development process into phases, stages and deliverables, with a strong emphasis on the planning and control of the various development activities. While there are many and various methodologies available, the underlying approach taken is normally based on one of a small number of development models.

THE WATERFALL LIFECYCLE MODEL

The Lifecycle Model is the traditional approach to systems development, with each stage of the lifecycle defined by the products or ‘deliverables' produced when the stage is completed. The methods and techniques that are recommended dataflow diagrams, entity models, state transition diagrams all form part of an overall system development process.

This is managed by setting stages in the project for the completion of particular diagrams, for the development of software systems, or for the installation of items of hardware.

This model was christened ‘waterfall' because each stage produces a product, which is passed on to the next stage, and-on-and-on, like a stream of water, that is, the development is seen as flowing steadily downwards through phases. (Bell D., 2000)

Typical stages in a waterfall lifecycle include :

Initial study

Feasibility

Investigation

Business requirements definition

System design

System specification

Development

Testing

Implementation

Review.

Origin

The waterfall model originated in 1970 when W.W. Royce in his paper proposed a sequential software development model which at that time he described as flawed, in that it is ‘risky and invites failure'. He advocated an iterative approach to software development (Wikipedia, 2005)

However, his criticism of the model and advocacy for an iterative model was unpopular.

Application

It has applications in the astronautic industry; software used in launching rockets are usually developed using this model, because all that is required for such applications needs to be known before the project starts. It is used by NASA.

It also used for military applications. The US air force uses it (Wikipedia, 2005).

Advantages

Each step is well defined.

Each step produces a well defined deliverable.

Each step can be verified or validated.

It divides complex tasks into smaller, more manageable tasks.

It does not require a lot of expertise.

It is reliable and affords ease of maintenance.

Disadvantages

It makes no stipulations about what methods are used at any of its stages.

It does not stipulate what notations are used for the products at each stage.

Just as a waterfall cannot flow upwards, a defect in an earlier phase detected at a later phase, cannot be rectified.

It presents no formal means of exercising management control over a project.

It has poor adherence to principles of practical project as change can result in distortion of the process.

It does not accommodate unforeseen circumstances, as all requirements are specified from the beginning

THE SPIRAL MODEL

The model is divided into four quadrants. Starting from the top left, each cycle will initially identify and determine objectives, alternatives and constraints. In the second quadrant, alternatives are evaluated and risk are analysed. In the third quadrant, the prototype is developed. Each cycle then completes in the fourth quadrant by planning for the next cycle of the spiral.

Origin

The forward momentum created in the Waterfall Model can cause significant problems. To overcome these, Boehm developed a model that adopted an evolutionary approach towards the development of information systems. The spiral model (see Figure 1) is a procedure, rather than a lifecycle, because it introduces activities that are concerned with process rather than product.

Figure 1 The Spiral Model

Application

Spiral model is best suited for large projects with high risk factor. Like the development of operating systems or large database software. Large organizations such as Microsoft, IBM often use it. (Wikipedia, 2005)

Advantages

Most important features completed first.

Ensure product release for a particular date.

Useful for project path not on the critical path.

It offers great flexibility, because it incorporates periodic risk analysis.

It is used spans the entire life of the application, so the application is properly maintained.

It minimizes risk, because it identifies uncertainty in the next stage and can clarify the situation using prototyping.

Disadvantages

It requires skilled and well-trained personnel for each phase

Due to its iterative nature, the development process may be prolonged.

Unlike the waterfall, it requires highly skilled man-power in risk assessment.

It requires testing over time before it can be trusted.

It is only suitable for object-oriented systems and cannot be used for systems that require formal review and audit policies and it does not adhere to these.

Quite difficult to manage because the requirement specifications are not well defined from the commencement of the project.

THE AGILE MODEL

Agile methods are people-oriented rather than process-oriented. The goal of traditional development methods is to development methods is to define a process that will work well whoever happens to be using it. Agile assert that no process will ever make up for a lack of skill in the development team, so the primary role of any process is to support the development team in its work. (Martin Fowler, 2005)

Origin

A recent survey by the British Computer Society (BCS) found that poor management of project requirements and scope were the most common causes of project failure. But systems development projects, user requirements are often not clear at the start, for a number of reasons:

Users may be unsure of what they want

It may be difficult to identify their tacit knowledge about day-to-day processes

They may not have been consulted sufficiently

User requirement may be misunderstood

Departmental and strategic requirements may be purely defined

External factors can cause requirements to change

A ‘simple' change to requirements may require a fundamental redesign of the system, with large time and cost implications.

Application

A variety of methods are available under the general heading of Agile. Varying in formality and scope they range from SCRUM (at the most ‘lightweight'), through Crystal Orange and X, to DSDM (as the most ‘heavyweight' method). All are based on the frequent release of working systems to the user, and, unlike more traditional methods, all place the commitment to be on-time and on-budget above prescribed systems functionality.

Advantages

Agile designs are emerge over time, evolving to fulfil new requirements and take advantage of new technologies as appropriate.

Using verbal rather than written communication.

An early concrete and continuing feedback.

An incremental planning approach.

A flexible schedule of the development process.

The design process lasts as long as the system lasts.

Disadvantages

Comprehensive documentation does not ensure project success, in fact, it increases your chance of failure.

Team co-location required - maybe.

Scope is looked at in “Short Cycles” ‘ what can be done in a week ‘

Drive towards product only focus on maintenance issues, Documentation (legal, safety of life) and Design on the fly.

Scalability

REASONS FOR CHOOSING WATERFALL MODEL.

The reason why I choose the waterfall model is because

The requirement are well known in advance

There are no high risk in our course work

The nature of the requirements will not change significantly

The hardware and software is well known

There is enough time to proceed sequentially.

It is best suited for this type of application.

Reference

Bell D. (2000). Software Engineering; A programming approach.

Humphrey, W.S. (1989). Managing the Software Process. Addison-Wesley. Discusses software management through the Capability Maturity Model, or CMM

Jones G.W.(1990) Software Engineering. Retrieved on December 12^th, 2005 fromhttp://sern.ucalgary.ca/students/theses/KimJohnson/chapter1.htm#SoftwareProcessModels

Lux Group (2005). Project Lifecycles: Waterfall, Rapid Application Development, and All That. Retrieved on January 10^th, 2006 from http://www.lux-seattle.com/about/whitepapers/waterfall.asp

Potts C. (1998) Software Process models retrieved on January 10^th, 2006 from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/computing/SW_Eng/people/Faculty/Colin.Potts/Courses/3302/1-08-mgt/

Wikipedia (2005). Waterfall Model. Retrieved on December 18^th, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model

Wikipedia (2005). Spiral Model. Retrieved on December 18^th, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_model

Martin Fowler. (13 Dec 2005) The New Technology. Retrieved on January 04^th, 2007 from http://martinfowler.com/articles/newMethodology.html

APPENDICES

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

index.html

signup.html

validate.pl

signup.pl

information.html

personalDetails.dat

viewdetails.html

updatedetails.html

viewdetails.pl

updatedetails.pl

searchdetails.pl

APPLICATION STORY BOARD

Application Structure

index.html

viewdetails.html

information.html

updatedetails.html

viewdetails.pl

searchdetails.pl

modify.pl

Navigational Structure

index.html

viewdetails.html

information.html

updatedetails.html

viewdetails.pl

searchdetails.pl

modify.pl

Individual Pages

Usher's World

Usher's Fan Club

HomeRegistration

sponsor's

poster

sponsor's

poster

index.html

Usher's World

Usher's Fan Club

Please Try Again

HomeRegistration

LoginError.html

Usher's World

Usher's Fan Club

HomeRegistration

signup.html

Signup.html

Usher's World

Usher's Fan Club

Successful Registered

HomeRegistration

ConfReg.html

Usher's World

Usher's Fan Club

Registration Error! User Already Registered

HomeRegistration

RegError.html

Welcome To Usher's World

Photos

Albums

Interviews

Usher's World

HomeRegistration

Image

Poster

Image

Poster

Image

Poster

Welcome.html

CODES

JavaScipt for Validation of form

//Ensure all fields are completed and done correctly

function ValidateEntries() {

// the message variable holds the string that

//will be displayed if there is a blank field

var message = "";

if (document.membershipform.fname.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tFirstname";

}

if (document.membershipform.lname.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tLastname";

}

if (document.membershipform.addy.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tAddress";

}

if (document.membershipform.email.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tEmail Address";

}

if (document.membershipform.age.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tAge";

}

if (document.membershipform.sex.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tSex";

}

if (document.membershipform.membernotes.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tMember notes";

}

if (document.membershipform.username.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tUsername";

}

if (document.membershipform.password.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tPassword";

}

if (document.membershipform.password2.value == "")

{

message += "\n\tConfirm Password";

}

//confirm password

if ((document.membershipform.password.value) != (document.membershipform.password2.value)){

if (message != ""){ //There has been an error before this

message += "\nIn addition\n\t";

}

message += "Please confirm password correctly";

}//end if

if (message != "") //Error occured

{

// Alert user of the missing information

alert("The following fields are required but have been left blank" + message +

"\n\nPlease ensure they are completed then try re-submitting the form. ");

return false; //error do not submit the form to server

}

return true; // OK, there was no error, so allow the form to be submitted.

}//End of function

//check for correct email format

function CheckEmail(){

//ensure the '@' character appears after atleast one character in the email provided

var i;

for(i=1; i<=(document.membershipform.email.value.length - 1); i++){

if( (document.membershipform.email.value.substr(i,1))== '@' ){

var offset;

//The reason for the offset

//ensure that there is at least another character after the '@'

//then a '.' after that, i.e. for example 'ere@d.co'

for(offset=i+2; offset<=(document.membershipform.email.value.length - 1); offset++){

if( (document.membershipform.email.value.substr(offset,1))== '.' ){

return true;

}//end if

}//end for

alert("Invalid email address format");

return false;

}//end if

}//end for

alert("Invalid email address format");

return false;

}

//Check if a numeric value was entered for age

function CheckAge(field){

var cnt;

if (isNaN(field.value)){

cnt=(field.value.length - 1);

field.focus();

alert("Invalid entry\n Your entry must be a number");

return false;

}

Perl Script for validating username and password

#!/usr/bin/perl

use CGI qw(:standard);

#pass parameters to variables

$varUsername = param("username");

$varPassword = param("password");

#Read from file

open (RECORDER, "personalDetails.dat") || die "File cannot be opened";

while($line = <RECORDER>)

{

chomp $line;

($username, $password) = split(", ", $line);

#checking username

if ($varUsername eq $username) {

$correctUser = 1;

}else {

$correctUser = 0;

}

#checking password

if ($varPassword eq $password){

$correctPassword = 1;

last; # go to the last line

}

else{

$correctPassword = 0;

}

close (RECORDER);

#*****************Writing html file***********************

print qq(

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>Kirk Franklin Fan Club</title>

</head>

<body >

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr >

<tr>

<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style5">Username/Password Validation </span> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<p>

</p>

<p>

</p>);

#**************************Check for validation result*******************

if ($correctUser && $correctPassword) {

grantAccess();

}

elsif ($correctUser && !$correctPassword) {

invalidPassword();

}

else {

denyAccess();

}

#**************************Display in accordane with validation result*******************

print qq(<p> </p><p> </p>);

print qq( </td>

</tr>

</table> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>);

sub grantAccess {

print "<p align ='center'>Hello $username, as a member you have access to information on the server</p>";

print "<p align ='center'><a href='http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/information.html' class= 'hlight'>Click here to access information</a></p> ";}

sub invalidPassword {

print "<p align ='center'>You have not entered the right password for $username.</p>";

print "<p align ='center'><a href='http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/index.html' class= 'hlight'>Try again</a></p> ";}

sub denyAccess {

print "<p align ='center'>Both the username and password you gave are not found on the server.</p>";

print "<p align ='center'><a href='http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/index.html' class= 'hlight'>Make another attempt</a> </p>";}

Perl Script for writing member's detail to personalDetails.dat

#!/usr/bin/perl

#Validate username and password

#Collects user input and writes to file (personalDetails.dat)

use CGI qw(:standard);

use CGI::Carp(fatalsToBrowser);

#store user input to memory variable

$username = param("username");

$password = param ("password");

$firstname = param("fname");

$lastname = param("lname");

$addy = param("addy");

$age = param("age");

$sex = param("sex");

$email = param("email");

$membernotes = param("membernotes");

#***************Check for dupliction***********************************

#open file for reading

open(READER, "personalDetails.dat");

$duplicate=0;

while($line = <READER>)

{

chomp $line; # removes carriage return

($varusername, $varpassword) = split(", ", $line);

if (($varusername eq $username) ){

$duplicate = 1;

last; # go to the last line

}

close(READER);

#****************Write the details to file starts**********************

#open file for reading

open(WRITER, ">>personalDetails.dat");

if (!$duplicate){

#move file pointer to the beginning of file

seek(WRITER, 0, 0);

#write to file in order

#convert all commas in address and membernotes fields to blank space

#so that it is not mis-read as a delimiter in the datafile

$addy=~ tr/,/ /;

$membernotes=~ tr/,/ /;

$memberdetails = $username.", ".$password.", " .$firstname.", " .$lastname.", ". $addy.", ".$age.", " .$email.", ".$sex.", ".$membernotes."\r\n";

print WRITER $memberdetails;

} #end if

#close file

close(WRITER);

#****************Write the details to file ends**************************

#Writing html file

print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";

print qq(<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">);

print qq(<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">);

print qq(<head>);

print qq(<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />);

print qq(<title>Kirk Franklin Fan Club</title>);

print qq(<link href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/kirk.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">);

print qq(</head>);

print qq(<body>);

print qq(<table width="771" height="599" border="0" align="center" background="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/images/signup_bg.jpg">);

print qq(<tr >);

print qq(<td height="31" colspan="5" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(</tr>);

print qq(<tr>);

print qq(<td height="102" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(<td width="9%" height="102" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(<td width="51%" valign="top" ><img name="" src="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/images/tlc.jpg" width="270" height="102" alt="sponsors" /></td>);

print qq(<td width="24%" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(<td height="102" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(</tr>);

print qq(<tr>);

print qq(<td width="8%" height="97" rowspan="2" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(<td height="17" colspan="3" valign="top" class="style6" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" ><table width="100%" border="1" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" bgcolor="#673499">);

print qq(<tr align="center">);

print qq(<td width="100%"><span class="style11"> </span></td>);

print qq(</tr>);

print qq(</table></td>);

print qq(<td width="8%" height="97" rowspan="2" valign="top" > </td>);

print qq(</tr>);

print qq(<tr >);

print qq(<td height="425" colspan="3" valign="top" ><table width="100%" border="0">);

if(!$duplicate){

print qq(<tr>);

print qq(<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style5">Duplicate information </span>);

print qq(<p class="style5">Sorry the username $username has been taken</p> );

print qq(<p class="style5"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/signup.html" class= 'hlight'> Click here to try again</a></p>);

print qq(</p>);

print qq(</td>);

print qq(</tr>);

}

else{

print qq(<tr>);

print qq(<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style5">Registration Confirmation </span>);

print qq(<p class="style5">Congratulations! $firstname $lastname you are now a registered member of the Kirk Franklin fan club</p> );

print qq(<p class="style5"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/index.html" class= 'hlight'> Click here to login</a></p>);

print qq(</p>);

print qq(</td>);

print qq(</tr>);

}

print qq(<tr>);

print qq(<td width="70%" valign="top"> </td>);

print qq(<td width="30%" colspan="2" valign="top"><img name="" src="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/images/two.jpg" width="189" height="200" alt="official sponsors of this site" /></td>);

print qq(</tr>);

print qq(</table>);

print qq(</td>);

print qq(</tr>);

print qq(</table>);

print qq(</body>);

print qq(</html>);

PerlScript for retireve user details and display on a table

#!/usr/bin/perl

#This script reads the details of members of the fan club from

#personalDetails.dat and writes them into an HTML file for rendering.

use CGI qw(:standard);

use CGI::Carp(fatalsToBrowser);

#store user input to memory variable

$varusername = param("username");

$varpassword = param("password");

#open file for reading

open (RECORDFILE, "personalDetails.dat") || die "Unable to open file";

# go to the beginning of file

seek(RECORDFILE, 0, 0);

#iterate through file reading only the firstnames and lastnames of members

$foundIt = 0;

while($line = <RECORDFILE>)

{

chomp $line; # removes carriage return

($username, $password, $firstname, $lastname, $address, $age, $email, $sex, $notes) = split(", ", $line);

if (($varusername eq $username) && ($varpassword eq $password)){

$foundIt = 1;

last; # go to the last line

}

#close the file

close (RECORDFILE);

print qq(

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>Kirk Franklin Fan Club</title>

</script>

</head>

<body >

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/information.html">Information</a></span></td>

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/viewdetails.html">View Details </a></span></td>

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/updatedetails.html">Update Details </a><a href="gallery.html"></a></span></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr >

<tr>

<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style5">Viewing Client details </span></td>

</tr>

<tr>

);

#***********Check if it was actually found and display****************************

if($foundIt == 1) {

print qq(<table width="80%" border="1" class="style6" bordercolor="#673499">

<tr>

<td colspan="2" class="style5">Your details are as follows: -</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style5">Username</td>

<td class="style6">$username</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style5">Password</td>

<td class="style6">$password</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style5">Lastname</td>

<td class="style6">$lastname</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style5">Firstname</td>

<td class="style6">$firstname</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style5">Home Address</td>

<td class="style6">$address</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style5">Email </td>

<td class="style6">$email</td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style6">$notes</td>

</tr>

</table>);

}else{ #*******************username and password not found***************

printqq(<table width="80%" border="1" class="style6">

<tr>

<td colspan="2" class="style5">Could not find any record with <b>username:</b> <em>$varusername</em> and <b>password:</b> <em>$varpassword</em></td>

</tr>

</table>);

}

print qq( </td>

</tr>

</table> </td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>);

PerlScript for retrieving member details and displaying in form to allow for modification

#!/usr/bin/perl

#This script reads the details of members of the fan club from

#personalDetails.dat and writes them into an HTML file for rendering.

use CGI qw(:standard);

use CGI::Carp(fatalsToBrowser);

#store user input to memory variable

$varusername = param("username");

$varpassword = param("password");

$male = "male";

#open file for reading

open (RECORDFILE, "personalDetails.dat") || die "Unable to open file";

# go to the beginning of file

#seek(RECORDFILE, 0, 0);

#iterate through file reading only the firstnames and lastnames of members

while($line = <RECORDFILE>)

{

chomp $line; # removes carriage return

($username, $password, $firstname, $lastname, $address, $age, $email, $sex, $notes) = split(", ", $line);

if (($varusername eq $username) && ($varpassword eq $password)){

#$foundIt = 1;

last; # go to the last line

}

#close the file

close (RECORDFILE);

print qq(

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>Kirk Franklin Fan Club</title>

</script>

</head>

<body >

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/information.html">Information</a></span></td>

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/viewdetails.html">View Details </a></span></td>

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/updatedetails.html">Update Details </a><a href="gallery.html"></a></span></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr >

<tr>

<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style5">Updating Client details </span></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<tr>

<td width="36%" align="right" class="style6">Username</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Password</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Firstname</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Lastname</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Address</td>

<td class="style6"><textarea name="address" id="address" >$address</textarea></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Email</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style6" ><select name="sex" id="sex" >);

if ($sex eq "male"){

print qq(<option value="male" selected="selected">male</option>

<option value="female">female</option>);

}elsif ($sex eq "female"){

print qq(<option value="male" >male</option><option value="female" selected="selected">female</option>);

}

print qq(

</select>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Notes</td>

<td class="style6"><textarea name="membernotes" >$notes</textarea></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</table>

</form>

</tr>

</table> </td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>);

Modify the members details and give feed back

#!/usr/bin/perl

#This script searches for the line number of a particular record

#It then deletes the record at that lin

#Afterwards the inserts a new record on the same line

use CGI qw(:standard);

use CGI::Carp(fatalsToBrowser);

#store user input to memory variable

$newusername = param("username");

$newpassword = param ("password");

$newfirstname = param("firstname");

$newlastname = param("lastname");

$newaddress = param("address");

$newage = param("age");

$newsex = param("sex");

$newemail = param("email");

$newnotes = param("membernotes");

#write to file in order

#convert all commas in address and membernotes fields to blank space

#so that it is not mis-read as a delimiter in the datafile

$newaddress=~ tr/,/ /;

$newnotes=~ tr/,/ /;

$newmemberdetails = $newusername.", ".$newpassword.", " .$newfirstname.", " .$newlastname.", ". $newaddress.", ".$newage.", " .$newemail.", ".$newsex.", ".$newnotes."\r\n";

#to modify the file in place,we read from it

#write changes to a temporay file

#then rename the temporary back to the original

$old = "personalDetails.dat";

$new = "tempfile.dat";

open(OLD, "<", $old) or die "can't open $old: $!";

open (NEW, ">", $new) or die "can't open $new: $!";

#match username with record in file

while($line = <OLD>){

chomp $line;

($username, $password, $firstname, $lastname, $address, $age, $email, $sex, $notes) = split(", ", $line);

$memberdetails = $username.", ".$password.", " .$firstname.", " .$lastname.", ". $address.", ".$age.", " .$email.", ".$sex.", ".$notes."\r\n";

#checking username

if ($newusername eq $username) {

print NEW $newmemberdetails;

next if ($newusername eq $username);

}else{

print NEW $memberdetails;

}

close (OLD) or die "can't close $old: $!";

close (NEW) or die "can't close $new: $!";

rename($old, "$old.orig") or die "can't rename $old to $old.orig: $!";

rename($new, $old) or die "can't rename $new to $old: $!";

#delete($old);

print qq(

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>Kirk Franklin Fan Club</title>

</script>

</head>

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

</tr>

<tr >

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/information.html">Information</a></span></td>

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/viewdetails.html">View Details </a></span></td>

<td width="20%"><span class="style11"><a href="http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~oderindo/updatedetails.html">Update Details </a><a href="gallery.html"></a></span></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr >

<tr>

<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style5">Updating Client details </span></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height="17" colspan="3" align="left"><span class="style6">$newfirstname $lastname ypur details have been updated successfully </span></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<tr>

<td width="36%" align="right" class="style6">Username</td>

<td width="64%" class="style6"><input name="username" type="text" id="username" value="$newusername" readonly="true"/><span class="style6">cannot be editted</span></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Password</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Firstname</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Lastname</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Address</td>

<td class="style6"><textarea name="address" id="address" >$newaddress</textarea></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Email</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class="style6" ><select name="sex" id="sex" >);

if ($newsex eq "male"){

print qq(<option value="male" selected="selected">male</option>

<option value="female">female</option>);

}elsif ($newsex eq "female"){

print qq(<option value="male" >male</option><option value="female" selected="selected">female</option>);

}

print qq(

</select>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td align="right" class="style6">Notes</td>

<td class="style6"><textarea name="membernotes" >$newnotes</textarea></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</table>

</form>

</tr>

</table> </td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>);

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