Experiments Animal Research
Animal experimentation means use of animals in several experiments. Largely invertebrates are used without any calculation or statistics. Each year millions of animals are experimented which include cats, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, etc. There are controversies- one stating that animal research has played a vital role in medical sciences and other opposing that animal testing is a cruel and unnecessary. The intrinsic right of animals to live in their normal habitat and not to be used for experiments needs to be protected. Animal testing may lead to kidnapping animals from the backyards and experimenting 3 Animals are not laboratory tools, inanimate but they are sensitive to pain, fear loneliness, frustration and depression. There are several examples where animals are imprisoned and their freedom to live in their natural environment and express their physical pain is denied. Experiments do not always produce information that people can rely on. Experiments can be dangerously misleading because humans and animals do vary in body structure and function and their diseases are different than ours. Animals are used to study human diseases and research in development of new drugs. Chimpanzees are used in experiments to find the cure for AIDS in humans, but it is a well known fact that though AIDS kills humans it does not kill chimpanzees. The effect of drugs varies from animal to animal e.g. .drugs like aspirin which are used to treat humans are poisonous to cats. In 1928 penicillin was first tested on mice and then on humans and the results were encouraging, but it is lethal on guinea pigs and hamsters. If Alexander Fleming had chosen any of the later animals, he would have concluded penicillin as lethal and would have been discarded. Many drugs though pass through the safe tests on the test animals, when given to people cause serious side effects and deaths. The most recent example reported is Vioxx the drug tested on animals for arthritis caused up to 1,40,000 heart attacks before it was stopped. Genetic Engineering is a field in which animals are genetically modified where specific functional genes are added, removed or mutated to observe and study a particular disease. Thousand of animals are genetically mutated every year. Recently a mini pig was developed by this type and mutant mice were created which had inborn cystic fibrosis or cancer and used in the laboratory to study the cause of disease. In this procedure the animal suffers since it is affected with the diseases and several abnormalities. In laboratory the procedures are mostly carried out without giving pain killers to the animals. They cannot express fear, pain senses and are deprived of ability to exercise their natural instincts. Many times animals go through stress and depression and are not in a normal condition to carry out experiments and may lead to their deaths. Animals are used to check the safety of several household chemicals, soaps, cosmetics, shampoos, cleaners and are forcefully fed with such substances causing drastic effects on their body. The chemicals are rubbed on their skins, poured into their eyes and they also inhale toxic smoke fumes. Animals are also used in biological war research where they are shot, irradiated, blown and poisoned with harmful gases and chemicals. PETA is an organization for ethical treatment on animals which works to stop animal cruelty and killing. Its focus is on laboratory experiments, clothing, factory farms, etc.
There are three alternatives for the use of animals for research-1) Reduction-To reduce the use of animals to the minimum. Wherever it is possible to research on the same animal to obtain the information.2)Replacement-To replace the old animal experiments with the new non animate experiments.3)Refinement-Make an attempt to try and minimize the abnormal conditions animal has to go through the experimental procedure like stress, depression, pain, etc. There's a law introduced to summarize the comments of doctors, scientists, veterinians, activists called as Animal Welfare Act.
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