Natural Gas Composition

Describe how LNG and Domgas differ from a natural gas Stream. What components must be removed and why?

The natural gas mainly contains major composition of methane and some composition of alkanes such as C2-C5, co2, N2, H2S and very little composition of inert gases such as helium. Before using it as commercial fuels like domestic gas and LNG it should be processed i.e., removal of unwanted composition like heavy hydro carbons such as ethane, propane and butane which can be used as a LPG and the removal of other products such as co2 ,N2,H2s and other inert gases. These gases are mainly removed due to there is no heating value for this gases and it causes corrosion problems and hydrates formation during transportation. The specifications of LNG are much closer to that of dogmas. The LNG is produced from the dogmas by cooling the gas to the cryogenic conditions -163 oC. The reason for converting the dogmas to the LNG because the liquids are very economically viable for the transportation where no pipe lines are available, the LNG occupies the volume of 1/600th volume of natural gas at the stove burner tip and it has high energy density compared to natural gas and dogmas.

Some natural gas components must be extracted either for the reasons imposed by the subsequent production or transport steps or to comply with commercial or regulatory specifications. The components which are removed from the natural gas are due to the reasons

Hydrogen sulphide which is corrosive and toxic.
Carbon dioxide which has no heating value and more over it causes corrosion problems during transportation can crystallize in cryogenic process.
Mercury toxic and corrosive mainly with aluminium based alloys which are used for the manufacturing of transportation tanks for LNG.
Water leads to the corrosion and hydrate formation during transportation and cooling to cryogenic conditions.
Heavy hydro carbons condensing in transport systems.
Nitrogen has no heating value and can crystallize in cryogenic process and more over causes roll over problems during transportation.

Describe how LNG and domgas differ from each other. Since they are both destined for a pipeline distribution system, why does this difference in processing need to occur?

The LNG and the domgas both are produced from the processed natural gas. While processing of LNG the heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and pentane must be removed from the processed natural gas. The main reason for removing the heavy hydrocarbons is when liquefying this processed natural gas to LNG by using cryogenic conditions (-161 oC) the heavier hydrocarbons crystallizes which as got higher boiling points than the methane which is the main constituent of LNG. Whereas in domestic gas no liquefaction process is taking place no need of worrying about this heavier ends.

Using the heating/cooling curves for LNG refrigeration, explain the rationale for using mixed refrigerants in LNG production. How does this impact the heat exchanger design?

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