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Custom Anthropology Essays

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Anthropology Essays: British Anthropologists Strauss

Claude Levi-Strauss (1908) was and is the pope of structuralism, to quote Marcel Henaff. (1998:2) As my account of his contribution to the shaping of this 'method' or 'tool' - as he himself insisted on calling it (Kuper 1996:175, Henaff 1998:6) - later in this essay illustrates, that is something that can hardly be disputed. It is not so self-evident, however, what the overall importance of his work for social anthropology was, and how well-received his ideas were at the time of their emergence.

In this essay, I will focus on the latter question in the context of Britain, in particular with reference to Edmund Leach (1910-1989). To come to an answer to this question, I will first briefly describe the British anthropological landscape before the introduction of Levi-Strauss's concept of structuralism.

Then I will give an outline of Levi-Strauss's ideas and his applications thereof, and assess of every aspect of Levi-Strauss's work to what extent it was valued, adopted and applied by British anthropologists such as Leach. It is hereby necessary that I pay attention to the positive reactions as well as the substantial criticism Levi-Strauss received from British anthropologists.

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Anthropology Essays: Manchester Anthropology Social

Structural-functionalism, which dominated British social anthropology for much of the twentieth century, interpreted society in terms of its institutions. Institutions provided society with its structure and worked together to keep society, a bounded unit, in a state of equilibrium. A person's role or position in the structure determined their behaviour. In the early 1950s, criticisms of the structural-functionalist approach began to emerge from the Manchester school of anthropology, a group of anthropologists involved with the anthropology department at Manchester University.

The Manchester school reacted against the obsession with formal institutions and the structure they supposedly produced. Many felt it was time to move away from the search for ideal types and focus on the much-neglected individual and how he/she coped in a system full of contradictions and inconsistencies.

The Manchester school developed a distinctive approach which focused on the role of conflict in society, acknowledged the importance of the wider context (particularly the impact of colonialism), shed light on the issue of multiple identities through their studies of urban and rural communities, and advanced a new analytical model; namely social network analysis. Although the school is distinct in certain ways, its continued reliance on the structural-functionalist paradigm must be realised.

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