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Criminal Police Management
Answer 1
Police management refers to the administration of all kinds of police services and police organizations with reference to its available sources, proficiencies, objectives and policies. It involves the planning, controlling, organizing and directing of the commands for achieving the overall objectives of the organization. It includes an administrative study of the police department and provides guidelines to resolve the issues in the department (Roberg, Kuykendall, & Novak, 2002).
American Police department is like an industry where the goods and services are supplied from different providers. The organizational structure of American police departments is highly fragmented. There are a number of agencies working at various levels of government. There are 21,143 law enforcement agencies, which are divided at local, state and federal level (National Research Council, 2004).
These agencies are involved in different activities as prescribed by law. For good police management, the organizational structure should be decentralized that makes the management handle it easily. All these decentralized organizations must have a central higher authority at federal level, which can experience the situations of local level and implement them at other parts, if those are found suitable.
You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more...Answer 2
Arrest refers to the human activity of stripping a person of his autonomy, normally in relation to the act of investigating and preventing criminal offense. In the Criminal Procedure Code, offenses are identified and sorted as cognizable criminal offenses. Arrests can be made when a police officer accuses a person with a criminal offense, or violation of law and takes the person into detainment (Orfield, 2005). Legal understandings of the term differ from popular depictions of the arrest process in many ways.
According to the legal systems, an arrest calls for selective verbal information to the person hold in suspicion that the arrest will be done because of suspicion of a criminal offense. The constraints on the person of suspect are not needed to affect prescribed and legally accepted arrest. In legal terms, if the offense comes under the violation of law, then the person will be arrested by the law enactment authorities and would be punished by fine, imprisonment or death in accordance with the severity of crime defined by law.
Answer 3
Civil liability is a possible obligation for payment of damages or some other enforcement ordered by court as a result of lawsuit. Civil liability issues are very important in policing. The most experienced civil liability issues are high speed chase, unnecessary use of power and disregard of general public. These may be reported to the court in case of harm to any person in the society.
The common sources of civil lawsuit against the police involve false imprisonment, physical harm, battery and malicious prosecution. Local attorneys, courts, and non government organizations who work for the protection of the rights of general public may be contacted in such cases and police officers, supervisors and department are considered under civil liability.
Due to increased complexity in work, police is facing many challenges. There is a great work pressure on them from higher authorities. These civil liabilities are reduced by providing professional and ethical training to the police officers. A feeling of professionalism and honesty can assist in reducing these civil liabilities (Archbold, & Mguire, 2002).
Answer 4
Jury, a group of members who are chosen from the society to take part in legal disputes and administration of justice, is an integral part of legal system, but it has come under attack in recent years and the role of the jury has been criticized and questioned (Barber, 1994). Due to increasing complexity in cases, juries are unable to make proper verdicts and their importance is not as much as it used to be earlier. Jury members are expected to make verdict according to their understanding by following the instruction of the courts, which results into limiting their decision making ability.
As the jury members are from the community, sometimes without having enough knowledge about any complicated issues, they are unable to understand the experts’ advice on these issues (Findlay, 2008). Nowadays, the selection of judges by competitive election makes them answerable to people and they can not take any case lightly. This is also reducing the need of jury system.
Answer 5
As per the orders of Supreme Court, it is illegal to use racial factor in the selection of jury members (Warren, 2008). But in the actual practice, there is a major role of race in jury selection process. The lawyers also consider race while selecting the jury members. This problem is due to heavy dependence on prejudice and stereotypes. Many jury members have been refused in both criminal and civil cases. This is called peremptory challenge. In 1986, Supreme Court disallowed the lawyers to use race in peremptory challenges in Batson vs. Kentucky case (MARKUS, 2005).
According to ethics, race should not be an issue in jury selection process because we are living in a country where everybody is considered equal as per the constitution. With this, there should not be any other demographic factors such as religion, income, sexual orientation, etc. in the process of jury selection. But in specific cases, where it is found that the accused may get biased by the jury members of other community or race, it is good to have diversity in jury.
Find out how our expert essay writers can help you with your work...Answer 6
This is a case of 11 year old boy, who robbed a gun shop with four other teens and boarded the bus to home. This incident took place at Collingdale, Philadelphia on August 18, 2001. A passer-by saw this incident and called the police. The prosecutor would start the case by saying that this was a well planned robbery and these little boys have committed a severe crime. For this he would present the passer-by as an eye witness along with a security camera that has seen the boys involved in this robbery.
The defense attorney would start this case by saying that the boy who has been accused is too little for this robbery and present her mother as a witness who says that the boy was sleeping at his home. He would argue that the boy of this age can not even think of the activities like this and there must be some hidden facts behind this case, which are yet to be opened (Cops: Boy, 11, took bus from gun shop heist, 2008).
References
Archbold, C.A. & Mguire, E.R. (2002). Studying Civil Suits Against the Police: A Serendipitous Finding of Sample Selection Bias. Police Quarterly, 5(2), 222-249.
Barber, J.W. (1994). The Jury Is Still Out: The Role of Jury Science in the Modern American Courtroom. American Criminal Law Review, 31.
CNN.com/crime (2008, August 20). Cops: Boy, 11, took bus from gun shop heist. Retrieved August 21, 2008, from http://edition.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/08/20/gun.shop.heist.ap/index.html
Findlay, M. (2008, June 13). Are juries worth it? Retrieved August 21, 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/13/2273442.htm
Markus, D.C. (2005, July 06). Race in jury selection. Retrieved August 21, 2008, http://sdfla.blogspot.com/2005/07/race-in-jury-selection.html
National Research Council (2004). Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence. Washington: National Academy Press
Orfield L.B. (2005). Criminal Procedure from Arrest to Appeal. New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
Roberg, R.R., Kuykendall, J. & Novak, K. (2002). Police Management (3rd Edition). Kansas City: University of Missouri.
Warren, R. (2008, March 20). Supreme Court bars use of race in picking juries. Retrieved August 21, 2008, from http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0320/p25s04-usju.html
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